Brass instrument era
the late 18th century, psychologists in Europe discard entirely introspective and subjective instead of objective, repeatable test of experimental studies to measure the psychological phenomenon.Pioneer, Wundt, Galton, Cattell, Wissler, etc
Mistook simple sensory processes for intelligence
1860 Gustav Fechner (1801-1887) Psychophysics
Wilhem Wundt (1832-1920) stpsychological lab in 1879 in Leipzig, Germany 1862 design "thinking unit" – calibration of pendulum-quick thinking