Before characterizing the optimal R&D investment of the incumbent firm translation - Before characterizing the optimal R&D investment of the incumbent firm Chinese Traditional how to say

Before characterizing the optimal R

Before characterizing the optimal R&D investment of the incumbent firm, we derive the investment level that maximizes total market profits, which we will use as a benchmark in the subsequent analysis. With a slight abuse of notation, we refer to this level as the ‘efficient’ investment level, although it does not account for consumer surplus. Indeed, it is easy to see that the investment level maximizing welfare is always above the one maximizing total market profits since consumers benefit from an increase in product quality. Condition (8) guarantees that overall market profits are always larger when a startup forms. Therefore, consistently with our notation, we denote the creation of a new firm as the ‘efficient’ outcome. The corresponding efficient investment level is given by:
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表徵的現任公司最優的研發投資之前, 我們獲得最大化總市場利潤,我們將使用為基準,在隨後的分析的投資水準。與符號輕微濫用,我們指的這一級別作為 '高效' 的投資水準,雖然它不能解釋為消費者剩餘。事實上,很容易看到,福利最大化的投資水準總是上面總市場利潤最大化,因為消費者受益于增加產品的品質。(8) 保證市場的整體利潤都較大,當啟動表單的條件。因此,始終與我們的記法,我們表示建立一家新公司,作為有效率的結果。通過給出了相應的有效投資水準︰
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表徵在位企業的最佳R&D投入之前,我們得到最大化總利潤的市場,我們將在隨後的分析基準使用投資水平。隨著符號輕微虐待,我們指的這個級別為“高效率”的投資水平,雖然它沒有考慮消費者剩餘。事實上,這是很容易地看到,投資水平的福利最大化始終是一個最大化總的市場利潤,因為消費者從提高產品質量效益上面。條件(8)保證整個市場的利潤時,總是大的啟動方式。因此,始終與我們的符號,我們表示一個新公司的創建為“有效”的結果。相應有效的投資水平為:
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在特徵的最佳的研發投資的現任公司,我們得出的投資水准,最大限度地提高總的市場利潤,我們將在隨後的分析中使用的基準。有了輕微的濫用符號,我們稱之為“有效的”投資水准,雖然它沒有考慮到消費者剩餘。事實上,很容易看到,投資水准最大化的福利總是高於一個最大化的總的市場利潤,因為消費者受益於產品品質的新增。條件(8)保證在啟動表單時,整體市場利潤總是較大。囙此,始終與我們的符號,我們表示創建一個新的公司作為“有效”的結果。相應的有效投資水准:
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