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Most of the countries in South Asia, East Asia and the
Pacific have legislation that criminalizes all aspects listed The number of convictions in this part of the world is
in the Trafficking in Persons Protocol. While only a few higher than in other regions, with many countries report-
countries still have partial legislation, the large popula- ing more than 50 convictions per year. However, three
tions in these countries is an element of concern, as dis- factors should be taken into consideration in this regard.
cussed in the global overview.
First of all, many Asian countries have large populations.
The historical dynamics of this vast region show once While in some countries, thousands of traffickers are con-
more how the entry into force of the Trafficking in Persons
victed, in proportion to the population, the number of
Protocol was a turning point in the fight against traffick-
convictions by population in the region is on average 0.15
ing in persons. Before December 2003, just four countries
convictions per 100,000 population.
had a specific offence on trafficking in persons in line with
international standards. Half of the countries did not Secondly, most of the convictions are recorded in coun-
criminalize this crime as such, and 40 per cent had partial tries that still have partial legislation. Many traffickers still
legislation that mainly focused on trafficking of women do not face the risk of punishment since the crime they
or trafficking for sexual exploitation. Thus, trafficking for commit is not considered as such by the national
forced labour or trafficking in men were not yet consid- authorities.
ered as crimes in several countries.
Thirdly, for many countries in this region (22 per cent)
Five years later, the number of countries with comprehen- data on convictions is not available. So, the regional aver-
sive legislation quintupled. The improvements were age is actually biased as a result of the absence of proper
mainly reported from South-East Asian countries as well information on the criminal justice response.
as countries in the Pacific, with some island states adopt-
ing the definition of trafficking of the Trafficking in Per- On the basis of this partial data, according to UNODC
sons Protocol. The countries that lacked proper legislation calculations, for every 10 persons suspected by the police
80
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