2006 MAY 24 - (NewsRx.com) -- Virol

2006 MAY 24 - (NewsRx.com) -- Virology data are the focus of recent research from the United States and Brazil.

Study 1: Investigators describe the selective transmission of hepatitis C virus genotypes and quasispecles in humans and experimentally infected chimpanzees.

According to their report, "This study determined whether selective transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) species occurred among human and chimpanzee recipients of contaminated blood products or plasma containing multiple genotypes, subgenotypes, and quasispecies."

"Commercially prepared factor VIII concentrate (lot DO56), produced prior to HCV testing and inactivation, was subsequently found by direct cloning to contain the following subgenotypes: 1a and 1b (73% of clones), 2a (13% of clones), 2b (11% of clones), and 3a (4% of clones)," said Omana V. Nainan and colleagues at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "A patient transfused with factor VIII concentrate DO56 was diagnosed with clinical non- A, non-B hepatitis and subsequently found to be infected with HCV subgenotype 1b."

"Among five chimpanzees inoculated experimentally with the same factor VIII concentrate, two were infected only with HCV subgenotype 1a and three were infected with approximately equivalent clonal proportions of subgenotypes 1a and 1b," the researchers noted. "HCV hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) quasispecies analysis of the DO56 factor VIII concentrate and a serum specimen from the single chimpanzee that developed a chronic HCV infection following inoculation with DO56 showed 0-56% nucleotide variation. However, specimens from chimpanzees infected in the second to fourth passages of the DO56 inoculum had 0-8% HVR1 quasispecies nucleotide variation."

Nainan and associates concluded, "The high HVR1 quasispecies variation in the factor VIII concentrate and its first passage in chimpanzees indicates the presence of multiple HCV isolates, whereas the low variation in the second to fourth chimpanzee passages suggests transmission of a single HCV isolate. These findings strongly suggest selective transmission of HCV isolates during experimental chimpanzee infection and among humans exposed to multiple HCV species."

Nainan and coauthors published their study in the Journal of General Virology (Selective transmission of hepatitis C virus genotypes and quasispecles in humans and experimentally infected chimpanzees. J Gen Virol, 2006;87(Part 1):83-91).

For more information, contact Feng-Xiang Gao, Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, MS A33, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. [e-mail].

Study 2: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in saliva does not reflect oral health or viral load.

"HCV is a worldwide public health problem and its transmission is clearly associated with the parenteral route, however, the virus has also been isolated from other body fluids. HCV RNA has been detected in saliva, yet the relationship between HCV and oral pathology is not clearly understood," investigators in Brazil report.

"Therefore, an investigation on HCV-RNA in saliva and its correlation with oral pathology was undertaken. Saliva and blood samples were collected from 50 anti-HCV positive patients and from 25 patients with non-HCV chronic liver disease. HCV-RNA was detected in all of the saliva samples from the HCV positive group," wrote L. Lins and colleagues, Centro de Pesquisas Goncalo Moniz.

"None of the saliva or serum samples from the non-HCV group were positive for HCV-RNA. The patients were examined for dental and oral health (dentate, partially dentate, edentulous, evidence of gum disease, or mucosal lesions); however, no correlation was found between HCV-RNA in saliva, oral health, and viral load."

"These results suggest that HCV-RNA presence in saliva is independent of the viral load and the oral pathology of HCV positive individuals," scientists concluded.

Lins and colleagues published their study in the Journal of Medical Virology (Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in saliva is not related to oral health status or viral load. J Med Virol, 2005;77(2):216-220).

For additional information, contact M.G. Reis, FIOCRUZ MS, Center Pesquisa Goncalo Moniz, Laboratory Patol & Biology Molecular, R Waldemar Falcao 121, BR-40295001 Salvador, BA, Brazil.

Study 3: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication strengthens upon CD8+ T cell depletion.

According to researchers in the United States, "we investigated the ability of CD8+ T cells to inhibit HCV replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). PBMCs isolated from 11 of 20 HCV- infected subjects had no detectable HCV RNA."

"Removal of CD8+ T cells from these PBMCs resulted in detection of HCV RNA, and depletion of CD8+ T cells from PBMCs that had detectable HCV RNA amplified HCV replication. Reconstitution of CD8- PBMCs with autologous CD8+ T cells led to inhibition of HCV replication," reported Y. Li and colleagues, University of Pennsylvania.

"Interferon-gamma produced by CD8+ T cells was partially responsible for CD8+ T cell-mediated noncytotoxic anti-HCV activity in PBMCs. This noncytotoxic anti-HCV activity was confirmed in HCV replicon cells. Supernatants from CD8+ T cell cultures inhibited HCV RNA expression in the replicon cells."

"These findings may have important implications for the immunopathogenesis of HCV in both immune and hepatic cells and are relevant to the development of host innate immunity-based anti-HCV interventions," researchers stated.

Li and colleagues published the results of their research in the Journal of Infectious Diseases (CD8+ T cell depletion amplifies hepatitis C virus replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Infect Dis, 2005;192(6):1093-1101).

For additional information, contact W.Z. Ho, University of Penn, Children's Hospital Philadelphia, Division Allergy & Immunology, Joseph Stokes Jr Research Institute, School of Medicine, Dept. Pediatrics, 34th St. & Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Keywords: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, Cell Mediated Immunity, Hepatitis C Virus, Hepatology, Immunology, Infectious Disease, Interferon, Antiviral Therapy, Hematology, Peripheral Blood, Virology, CD8+ T Cell, Replication.

This article was prepared by Medical Letter on the CDC & FDA editors from staff and other reports. Copyright 2006, Medical Letter on the CDC & FDA via NewsRx.com.
Word count: 943

(c)Copyright 2006, Medical Letter on the CDC & FDA viaNewsRx.com


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Subject
Virology
Medical research
Hepatitis
Infectious diseases
Antiretroviral drugs

Location
United States
US
Braz

Results (Indonesian) 2:

. 2006 24 Mei - (NewsRx.com) - Data Virologi adalah fokus penelitian terbaru dari Amerika Serikat dan Brasil Studi 1: Penyidik ​​menggambarkan transmisi selektif hepatitis C genotipe virus dan quasispecles pada manusia dan simpanse eksperimental terinfeksi. Menurut laporan mereka, "Penelitian ini ditentukan apakah transmisi selektif virus hepatitis C spesies (HCV) terjadi antara penerima manusia dan simpanse produk darah yang terkontaminasi atau plasma yang mengandung beberapa genotipe, subgenotypes, dan quasispecies." "komersial siap faktor VIII konsentrat (banyak DO56) , diproduksi sebelum pengujian HCV dan inaktivasi, kemudian ditemukan oleh kloning langsung mengandung subgenotypes berikut: 1a dan 1b (73% dari klon), 2a (13% dari klon), 2b (11% dari klon), dan 3a ( 4% dari klon), "kata Omana V. Nainan dan rekan-rekannya di Pusat Pengendalian dan Pencegahan Penyakit. "Seorang pasien ditransfusikan dengan faktor VIII konsentrat DO56 didiagnosis dengan klinis non A, non-B hepatitis dan kemudian ditemukan terinfeksi dengan HCV subgenotype 1b." "Di antara lima simpanse diinokulasi eksperimental dengan sama faktor VIII konsentrat, dua terinfeksi hanya dengan HCV subgenotype 1a dan tiga terinfeksi dengan proporsi klonal kurang lebih setara dari subgenotypes 1a dan 1b, "para peneliti mencatat. "HCV wilayah hypervariable 1 (HVR1) quasispecies analisis faktor DO56 VIII konsentrat dan spesimen serum dari simpanse tunggal yang mengembangkan infeksi HCV kronis berikut inokulasi dengan DO56 menunjukkan variasi nukleotida 0-56%. Namun, spesimen dari simpanse yang terinfeksi di kedua bagian keempat dari inokulum DO56 memiliki 0-8% HVR1 quasispecies variasi nukleotida. "Nainan dan rekan menyimpulkan," The tinggi HVR1 quasispecies variasi dalam konsentrat faktor VIII dan bagian pertama pada simpanse menunjukkan adanya beberapa HCV isolat, sedangkan variasi rendah di kedua bagian simpanse keempat menunjukkan transmisi dari isolat HCV tunggal. Temuan ini sangat menyarankan transmisi selektif HCV isolat selama infeksi simpanse eksperimental dan di antara manusia terkena beberapa spesies HCV. "Nainan dan rekan penulis menerbitkan studi mereka di Journal General Virology (transmisi selektif hepatitis C genotipe virus dan quasispecles pada manusia dan simpanse eksperimental terinfeksi. J Gen Virol, 2006; 87 (Bagian 1):. 83-91) Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, hubungi Feng-Xiang Gao, Divisi Viral Hepatitis, Pusat Nasional untuk Penyakit Menular, Pusat Pengendalian dan Pencegahan Penyakit, 1600 Clifton Jalan NE, MS A33, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. . [e-mail] Studi 2: Virus hepatitis C (HCV) RNA dalam air liur tidak mencerminkan kesehatan mulut atau viral load. "HCV adalah masalah kesehatan masyarakat di seluruh dunia dan transmisi jelas terkait dengan rute parenteral, namun, virus juga telah diisolasi dari cairan tubuh lainnya. RNA HCV telah terdeteksi dalam air liur, namun hubungan antara HCV dan patologi oral tidak dipahami dengan jelas, "peneliti dalam laporan Brazil." Oleh karena itu, penyelidikan atas HCV-RNA dalam air liur dan korelasinya dengan patologi oral dilakukan. Air liur dan darah sampel dikumpulkan dari 50 pasien positif anti-HCV dan dari 25 pasien dengan penyakit hati kronis non-HCV. HCV-RNA terdeteksi pada semua sampel air liur dari kelompok positif HCV, "tulis L. Lins dan rekan, Centro de Pesquisas Goncalo Moniz. "Tak satu pun dari air liur atau sampel serum dari kelompok non-HCV positif untuk HCV RNA. Para pasien diperiksa untuk kesehatan gigi dan mulut (dentate, sebagian dentate, edentulous, bukti penyakit gusi, atau lesi mukosa); Namun, tidak ada korelasi yang ditemukan antara HCV-RNA dalam air liur, kesehatan mulut, dan viral load. "" Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan HCV-RNA dalam saliva adalah independen dari viral load dan patologi oral individu positif HCV, "para ilmuwan menyimpulkan . Lins dan rekan menerbitkan studi mereka dalam Journal of Medical Virology (Deteksi hepatitis virus C RNA dalam air liur tidak terkait dengan status kesehatan mulut atau viral load J Med Virol, 2005; 77 (2):. 216-220). Untuk Informasi tambahan, hubungi MG Reis, Fiocruz MS, Pusat Pesquisa Goncalo Moniz, Laboratorium Patol & Biologi Molekuler, R Waldemar Falcao 121, BR-40295001 Salvador, BA, Brazil. Belajar 3: virus Hepatitis C (HCV) replikasi memperkuat pada sel CD8 + T deplesi. Menurut peneliti di Amerika Serikat, "kami meneliti kemampuan sel CD8 + T untuk menghambat replikasi HCV dalam sel mononuklear darah perifer (PBMC). PBMC diisolasi dari 11 dari 20 HCV subyek yang terinfeksi tidak memiliki RNA HCV yang terdeteksi. "" Penghapusan sel CD8 + T dari PBMC ini mengakibatkan deteksi HCV RNA, dan penipisan sel CD8 + T dari PBMC yang memiliki terdeteksi RNA HCV replikasi diperkuat HCV. Pemulihan dari CD8 PBMC dengan sel autologous CD8 + T menyebabkan penghambatan replikasi HCV, "melaporkan Y. Li dan koleganya, University of Pennsylvania." Interferon-gamma yang diproduksi oleh sel CD8 + T adalah sebagian bertanggung jawab untuk CD8 + T cell-mediated anti noncytotoxic Kegiatan HCV di PBMC. Aktivitas anti-HCV noncytotoxic ini dikonfirmasi dalam sel replicon HCV. Supernatant dari kultur sel CD8 + T menghambat ekspresi RNA HCV di sel replicon. "" Temuan ini mungkin memiliki implikasi penting bagi imunopatogenesis HCV di kedua sel kekebalan tubuh dan hati dan relevan dengan perkembangan tuan bawaan intervensi anti-HCV kekebalan berbasis , "ujar peneliti. Li dan rekan menerbitkan hasil penelitian mereka dalam Journal of Infectious Diseases (deplesi sel CD8 + T menguatkan replikasi virus hepatitis C dalam sel mononuklear darah perifer J Infect Dis 2005; 192 (6):. 1093-1101 ). Untuk informasi tambahan, hubungi WZ Ho, Universitas Penn, Rumah Sakit Anak Philadelphia, Divisi Alergi Imunologi &, Joseph Stokes Jr Research Institute, School of Medicine, Dept Ilmu Kesehatan Anak, 34 St. & Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104 , USA. Kata kunci:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Amerika Serikat, Sel Mediated Immunity, Hepatitis C Virus, Hepatologi, Imunologi, Penyakit Infeksi, Interferon, Antiviral Therapy, Hematologi, Peripheral Blood, Virologi, CD8 + T sel, Replikasi Artikel ini disusun oleh Surat medis di CDC & FDA editor dari staf dan laporan lainnya. . Copyright 2006, Surat Medis di CDC & FDA melalui NewsRx.com Word count: 943 (c) Copyright 2006, Surat Medis di CDC & FDA viaNewsRx.com Kembali ke atas Cari ProQuest ... Cite Email Cetak Lebih Tambahkan ke Terpilih item Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta terkait item Pencarian dengan istilah pengindeksan Subjek Virologi Penelitian medis Hepatitis Penyakit infeksi obat antiretroviral Lokasi Amerika Serikat US Braz