Fons Trompenaars' seven cultural dimensions (Continued) 4. Specific vs. Diffuse: measures whether work relationships (e.g. the hierarchical relationship between a senior manager and a subordinate) are workplace 'specific' or extend (diffuse) into the social context outside the workplace. 5. Achievement vs. Ascription: measures whether one's status within organizations is based on merit ("achieved") or on class, gender, education or age ("ascribed").