As Table 1 shows, the 16 categories can be distilled into five second-order conceptual categories by comparing one type of characteristic with another. Ninety-three student raters validated the categorizations. Seventy-one percent of their ratings agreed with those by the authors. Most of the categorizations were intuitive, but based on the literature, it was possible to differentiate predictability and integrity by defining the latter as value-laden and the former as valueless. The value-laden literature definitions of dependable and reliable more