Psychologists suggest that the success or failure of an individual can translation - Psychologists suggest that the success or failure of an individual can Indonesian how to say

Psychologists suggest that the succ

Psychologists suggest that the success or failure of an individual can be caused as much by his or her social, economic, and family environment as by genetic gifts. Extending this idea to the valuation of securities means we should consider a firm’s economic and industry environment during the valuation process. Regardless of the qualities or capabilities of a firm and its management, the economic and industry environment will have a major influence on the success of a firm and the realized rate of return on its stock.

As an example, assume you own shares of the strongest and most successful firm producing
home furnishings. If you own the shares during a strong economic expansion, the sales and earnings of the firm will increase and your rate of return on the stock should be quite high. In contrast, if you own the same stock during a major economic recession, the sales, earnings, and cash flows of this firm (and probably most or all of the firms in the industry) would likely experience a decline, and the price of its stock would be stable or decline. Therefore, when assessing the future value of a security, it is necessary to analyze the outlook for the aggregate economy and the firm’s specific industry.

The valuation process is like the chicken-and-egg dilemma. Do you start by analyzing the
macroeconomy and various industries before individual stocks, or do you begin with individual securities and gradually combine these firms into industries and the industries into the entire economy? For reasons discussed in the next section, we contend that the discussion should begin with an analysis of aggregate economies and overall securities markets and progress to different industries with a global perspective. Only after a thorough analysis of a global industry are you in a position to properly evaluate the securities issued by individual firms within the better industries. Thus, we recommend a three-step, top-down valuation process in which you first examine the influence of the general economy on all firms and the security markets, then analyze the prospects for alternative global industries in this economic environment, and finally turn to the analysis of individual firms in the alternative industries and to the common stock of these firms. Exhibit 11.1 indicates the procedure recommended.
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Psychologists suggest that the success or failure of an individual can be caused as much by his or her social, economic, and family environment as by genetic gifts. Extending this idea to the valuation of securities means we should consider a firm’s economic and industry environment during the valuation process. Regardless of the qualities or capabilities of a firm and its management, the economic and industry environment will have a major influence on the success of a firm and the realized rate of return on its stock.As an example, assume you own shares of the strongest and most successful firm producinghome furnishings. If you own the shares during a strong economic expansion, the sales and earnings of the firm will increase and your rate of return on the stock should be quite high. In contrast, if you own the same stock during a major economic recession, the sales, earnings, and cash flows of this firm (and probably most or all of the firms in the industry) would likely experience a decline, and the price of its stock would be stable or decline. Therefore, when assessing the future value of a security, it is necessary to analyze the outlook for the aggregate economy and the firm’s specific industry.The valuation process is like the chicken-and-egg dilemma. Do you start by analyzing themacroeconomy and various industries before individual stocks, or do you begin with individual securities and gradually combine these firms into industries and the industries into the entire economy? For reasons discussed in the next section, we contend that the discussion should begin with an analysis of aggregate economies and overall securities markets and progress to different industries with a global perspective. Only after a thorough analysis of a global industry are you in a position to properly evaluate the securities issued by individual firms within the better industries. Thus, we recommend a three-step, top-down valuation process in which you first examine the influence of the general economy on all firms and the security markets, then analyze the prospects for alternative global industries in this economic environment, and finally turn to the analysis of individual firms in the alternative industries and to the common stock of these firms. Exhibit 11.1 indicates the procedure recommended.
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Psikolog menyarankan bahwa keberhasilan atau kegagalan seorang individu dapat disebabkan sebanyak oleh, dan lingkungan keluarga nya sosial, ekonomi oleh hadiah genetik. Memperluas ide ini ke penilaian efek berarti kita harus mempertimbangkan lingkungan ekonomi dan industri perusahaan selama proses penilaian. Terlepas dari kualitas atau kemampuan dari suatu perusahaan dan manajemen, lingkungan ekonomi dan industri akan memiliki pengaruh besar pada keberhasilan perusahaan dan tingkat realisasi pengembalian sahamnya.

Sebagai contoh, asumsikan Anda memiliki saham yang terkuat dan paling sukses perusahaan yang memproduksi
perabot rumah. Jika Anda memiliki saham selama ekspansi ekonomi yang kuat, penjualan dan pendapatan perusahaan akan meningkat dan tingkat Anda pengembalian saham harus cukup tinggi. Sebaliknya, jika Anda memiliki saham yang sama selama resesi ekonomi utama, penjualan, laba, dan arus kas perusahaan ini (dan mungkin sebagian besar atau semua perusahaan dalam industri) akan cenderung mengalami penurunan, dan harga yang saham akan stabil atau menurun. Oleh karena itu, ketika menilai nilai masa depan keamanan, perlu untuk menganalisis prospek untuk ekonomi agregat dan industri tertentu perusahaan.

Proses penilaian seperti dilema ayam dan telur. Apakah Anda mulai dengan menganalisis
ekonomi makro dan berbagai industri sebelum saham individu, atau apakah Anda mulai dengan sekuritas individual dan secara bertahap menggabungkan perusahaan-perusahaan ini dalam industri dan industri ke seluruh perekonomian? Untuk alasan dibahas di bagian berikutnya, kami berpendapat bahwa diskusi harus dimulai dengan analisis ekonomi agregat dan pasar surat berharga secara keseluruhan dan kemajuan untuk industri yang berbeda dengan perspektif global. Hanya setelah analisis mendalam tentang industri global Anda dalam posisi untuk benar mengevaluasi surat berharga yang diterbitkan oleh perusahaan-perusahaan individual dalam industri yang lebih baik. Dengan demikian, kami merekomendasikan tiga langkah, proses penilaian top-down di mana Anda pertama meneliti pengaruh ekonomi secara umum pada semua perusahaan dan pasar keamanan, kemudian menganalisa prospek industri global yang alternatif dalam lingkungan ekonomi ini, dan akhirnya beralih ke analisis perusahaan individual dalam industri alternatif dan untuk saham biasa dari perusahaan-perusahaan ini. Pameran 11.1 menunjukkan prosedur yang direkomendasikan.
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