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AbstractThis chapter defines health behaviors as any activity undertaken for the purpose of preventingor detecting disease or for improving health and well being. Common ways of classifyingdifferent health behaviors (e.g., health enhancing, health impairing) are examined. Prevalenceof key health behaviors (smoking, diet, exercise, screening, sexual behaviors, alcohol use) indifferent groups and their relationship to morbidity and mortality is reported. The chapter thenexamines the role of cognitive variables (such as health beliefs, attitudes, self- efficacy) asdescribed in psychological models in understanding the distribution/prevalence of healthbehaviors. The final section examines the use of such models in changing health behaviors.
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