» AntiquityAnthropologists have obs

» Antiquity
Anthropologists have observed that small tribal societies have a natural tendency toward democratic decision-making. Arguably, then, the world’s first democracies were Stone Age tribes of hunter-gatherers. With the explosion of wealth and specialization of labour that resulted from agricultural settlement, however, these tiny democracies gave way to hierarchical societies ruled by monarchs or oligarchs.3
Civilized democracy was born in Athens and Rome, at roughly the same time (ca. 500 BC).1 Both were direct democracies.
Although various Greek cities adopted direct democratic government, the first and most influential was Athens, the most convincingly democratic state of antiquity.2 Athenian democracy spanned roughly the Classical age (ca. 500-330 BC). Yet suffrage did not extend to women, slaves, or non-native males, such that perhaps a mere tenth of the Athenian population could vote.1
The direct democracy of the Roman Republic lasted for most of the Republic era (ca. 500-27 BC), although it gradually weakened throughout this period (due largely to the rising power of the senate, an appointed body that officially served an advisory role). The Roman legislature was divided into multiple assemblies, each of which represented a different class in Roman society. Although suffrage restrictions were similar to those of Athens, most Romans lived far from the forum at the heart of Rome (especially when Roman territory began to expand); consequently, they were effectively excluded from democratic participation.3

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»Antiquity
antropolog telah mengamati bahwa masyarakat suku kecil memiliki kecenderungan alami terhadap pengambilan keputusan yang demokratis. Diperdebatkan, kemudian, demokrasi pertama di dunia yang suku Zaman Batu dari pemburu-pengumpul. Dengan ledakan kekayaan dan spesialisasi tenaga kerja yang dihasilkan dari pemukiman pertanian, bagaimanapun, ini negara demokrasi kecil memberi jalan untuk masyarakat hirarkis diperintah oleh raja atau oligarchs.3
demokrasi Madani lahir di Athena dan Roma, di sekitar waktu yang sama (ca. 500 BC) 0,1 Keduanya demokrasi langsung.
Meskipun berbagai kota Yunani mengadopsi pemerintahan demokratis langsung, yang pertama dan paling berpengaruh adalah Athena, negara yang paling meyakinkan demokratis antiquity.2 demokrasi Athena membentang kira-kira usia Klasik (ca. 500-330 SM) . Namun hak pilih tidak meluas ke wanita, budak, atau laki-laki non-pribumi, seperti yang mungkin hanya sepersepuluh dari penduduk Athena bisa vote.1
The demokrasi langsung dari Republik Romawi berlangsung selama sebagian besar era Republik (ca. 500-27 SM), meskipun secara bertahap melemah selama periode ini (terutama disebabkan oleh meningkatnya daya senat, badan yang ditunjuk secara resmi menjabat sebagai penasehat). Legislatif Romawi dibagi menjadi beberapa majelis, yang masing-masing mewakili kelas yang berbeda dalam masyarakat Romawi. Meskipun pembatasan hak pilih yang sama dengan Athena, yang paling Roma tinggal jauh dari forum di jantung kota Roma (terutama ketika wilayah Romawi mulai memperluas); akibatnya, mereka secara efektif dikeluarkan dari participation.3 demokrasi