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Freidrichs also noted the role of race and social class. Pruitt-Igoe was originally intended to be two separately located public housing projects: one for white residents and one for black residents. When the location for the white development fell through, the city planned to build segregated complexes on the same plot. It was only following the Supreme Court’s 1954 ruling in Brown v. Board of Education that Pruitt-Igoe was planned as an integrated project. Although white tenants lived in Pruitt-Igoe when it first opened, the tenant population of Pruitt-Igoe was almost entirely black by the mid-1960s.In general, popular stereotypes about public housing in the United States obscure the reality that many residents experience. A 1999 HUD study found, for example, that 75 percent of public housing residents surveyed were satisfied or very satisfied with their unit. Moreover, although public housing is often characterized as high rises such as Pruitt-Igoe or Chicago’s Cabrini-Green, the vast majority of public housing developments are much smaller. According to the HUD Picture of Subsidized Households, in 2013 only 13 percent of public housing developments had 250 units or more. Also, about 31 percent of public housing units were occupied by elderly households, that is, those with a head of household or spouse 62 years or older.
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