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Example 3.1The relationship between school factors and pupils’ well-beingThere are many examples of survey studies in educational research.In one study, Opdenakker and Van Damme (2000) looked at the effectsof school factors on pupils’ well-being in Flemish secondary schools. Theauthors used a sample of 4,889 pupils in the first year of secondaryschool (pupils were in 276 classes in 52 schools). Social and affectiveoutcomes were the dependent variable. These were measured using apupil questionnaire designed to measure eight factors of pupil wellbeing.Pupils were given a number of ability tests and a questionnairemeasuring their achievement motivation. School factors were measuredby a questionnaire given to a random sample of 15 teachers in eachschool, designed to tap their teaching practice and school life. The variableswere reduced to six main factors: teaching staff cooperation inrelation to teaching methods, focus on discipline and subject matter,attention to pupil differences and development, orderly learning environment,cooperation and cohesion among school staff, traditional styleof teaching, cultural education and creativity, and focus on educationaland personal development. Teaching staff cooperation in relation toteaching methods was positively related to pupil well-being. Creating anorderly learning environment and a traditional style of teaching had apositive effect on pupils with a high learning motivation and a negativeeffect on pupils with low learning motivation. The other factors were notrelated to pupil well-being.This study is a good example of the use of survey research in education,although some of the ‘causal’ language (‘has an effect on’) is hard todemonstrate in a survey study.
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