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6.2.1. Aerobic composting
The bacterial conversion of the organics present in
MSW in the presence of air under hot and moist conditions
is called composting, and the final product obtained after
bacterial activity is called compost (humus), which has very
high agricultural value. It is used as fertilizer, and it is nonodorous
and free of pathogens (Ahsan, 1999; Khan, 1994).
As a result of the composting process, the waste volume
can be reduced to 50–85%. The composting methods may
use either manual or mechanical means and are accordingly
termed as a manual or mechanical process. Manual
composting is carried out in smaller urban centers and
mechanical composting plants have been set up in big
Indian cities. (Bhide and Shekdar, 1998; Chakrabarty
et al., 1995).
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