molecular ion at m/z 303 (C15H10O7)

molecular ion at m/z 303 (C15H10O7) and fragment ions at m/z 275,
257, 229 separately corresponding to [MCO]+, [MCOH2O]+,
[M2COH2O]+, was identified as quercetin.
Lai et al. (2013) reported three types of flavonoids in R. tomentosa,
myricetin-pentoside, miricitrin (3-O-rhamnoside-myricetin),
and isorhamnetin-/rhamnetin-3-O-rhamnoside at the later stage
of R. tomentosa maturity. The discrepancies between detected
flavonoids in this study and those reported might be contributed
by growing climate factors (sunlight, soil mineral levels, and pathogen
attack, harvesting times, plant varieties, etc. (Dixon & Paiva,
1995; Lai et al., 2013). Compared with another berries, the presence
of quercetin in R. tomentosa berries was in agreement with
Häkkinen et al. (1999) who reported the ubiquity of quercetin in
25 edible berries. Besides being prevalent in berries, quercetin
was detected in 41 of 62 tropical edible plants ranging from 14.5
to 1497.5 mg/kg dry weight in tropic plants grown in Malaysia
(Miean & Mohamed, 2001). The existence of quercetin, myricetin,
and kaempferol in a single variety of berries, however, was not
reported in any of the 25 berries from Finland (Häkkinen et al.,
1999). Vitexin (a.k.a. apigenin) was only detected in 11 of 62 tested
tropic plants (Miean & Mohamed, 2001). In addition, dihydromyricetin
(a.k.a. ampelopsin) and quercetin-7,40-diglucoside were also
presented in the flavonoids rich extract.
To our best knowledge, there have been only a few studies concerning
on the flavonoids profiles of R. tomentosa berries (Table 3).
Liu et al. (2012) and Cui et al. (2013) studied the anthocyanin components
of R. tomentosa berries, respectively. Lai et al. (2013) identified
19 phenolic compounds in R. tomentosa berries using HPLC–
ESI-HR-MS and found that piceatannol was the major phenolic
compound. In the study of Chen, Yu, and Yang (2011), two new
quinones were isolated from R. tomentosa berries. In addition,
other compounds such as stigmast-4-en-3-one, rhodomyrtone,
rhodomyrtosone I, rhodomyrtosone D, oleanolic acid and methyl
gallate were also separated and purified from R. tomentosa berries
(Hiranrat, Chitbankluoi, Mahabusarakam, Limsuwan, &
Voravuthikunchai, 2011).

Results (Indonesian) 2:

ion molekul pada m / z 303 (C15H10O7) dan ion fragmen pada m / z 275,
257, 229 secara terpisah sesuai dengan [M? CO] + [M? CO? H2O] +,
[M? 2CO? H2O] +, diidentifikasi sebagai quercetin.
Lai et al. (2013) melaporkan tiga jenis flavonoid dalam R. tomentosa,
myricetin-pentoside, miricitrin (3-O-rhamnoside-myricetin),
dan isorhamnetin- / rhamnetin-3-O-rhamnoside pada tahap selanjutnya
dari R. tomentosa jatuh tempo. Adanya perbedaan antara terdeteksi
flavonoid dalam penelitian ini dan mereka dilaporkan mungkin disumbangkan
oleh faktor pertumbuhan iklim (sinar matahari, tingkat mineral tanah, dan patogen
serangan, kali panen, varietas tanaman, dll (Dixon & Paiva,
1995;. Lai et al, 2013 ). Dibandingkan dengan buah lain, kehadiran
dari quercetin di R. tomentosa berries adalah dalam perjanjian dengan
Hakkinen et al. (1999) yang melaporkan di mana-mana quercetin di
25 buah yang dapat dimakan. Selain lazim di berries, quercetin
terdeteksi di 41 dari 62 tanaman pangan tropis mulai dari 14,5
ke 1497,5 mg / kg berat kering pada tanaman tropis tumbuh di Malaysia
(Miean & Mohamed, 2001). adanya quercetin, myricetin,
dan kaempferol dalam berbagai tunggal berry, bagaimanapun, tidak
dilaporkan dalam salah satu 25 buah dari Finlandia (Hakkinen et al.,
1999). vitexin (alias apigenin) hanya terdeteksi di 11 dari 62 diuji
tanaman tropic (Miean & Mohamed, 2001). Selain itu, dihydromyricetin
(alias ampelopsin) dan quercetin- 7,40-diglucoside juga
disajikan dalam flavonoid ekstrak kaya.
Untuk pengetahuan terbaik kami, hanya ada beberapa studi mengenai
pada profil flavonoid dari R. tomentosa berries (Tabel 3).
Liu et al. (2012) dan Cui et al. (2013) mempelajari komponen antosianin
dari R. tomentosa buah, masing-masing. Lai et al. (2013) mengidentifikasi
19 senyawa fenolik dalam R. tomentosa berry menggunakan HPLC-
ESI-HR-MS dan menemukan bahwa piceatannol adalah fenolik utama
senyawa. Dalam studi Chen, Yu, dan Yang (2011), dua baru
kuinon diisolasi dari R. tomentosa buah. Selain itu,
senyawa lain seperti stigmast-4-en-3-satu, rhodomyrtone,
rhodomyrtosone saya, rhodomyrtosone D, asam oleanolic dan metil
gallate juga dipisahkan dan dimurnikan dari R. tomentosa berries
(Hiranrat, Chitbankluoi, Mahabusarakam, Limsuwan, &
Voravuthikunchai, 2011).