Hope Theory has been the most extensively utilized model of hope in the psychology research literature. According to this model, hope is a cognitive, goal-directed phenomenon. Goals are defined as the targets of mental action sequences, and all purposive behavior is said to be goal-directed (Snyder 1994, 2000; Snyder et al. 1999). As such, goals can vary widely in size and difficulty of attainment, with some consisting of mundane, easy-to-achieve objectives and others requiring years or even decades to achieve. Within this context, hope consists of two interrelated cognitive components: pathways thinking and agency thinking.