The mechanisms by which innovative technologies come about and make th translation - The mechanisms by which innovative technologies come about and make th Chinese Traditional how to say

The mechanisms by which innovative

The mechanisms by which innovative technologies come about and make their way into the economy have been the object of a large literature, arguing that the flows of knowledge embodied in employees often facilitate technological diffusion. A particular instance of key employee's mobility is the creation of start-up firms. The available empirical evidence shows that the evolution of many industries is to a large extent driven by the entry of start-ups created by former employees of incumbents (see e.g. Dahletal., 2010, Klepper and Sleeper, 2005, Klepper,
2010, Acs and Plummer, 2005). However, as pointed out by Klepper (2001, p. 639) start-ups are sometimes seen as “parasites feeding off the innovative efforts of their parents, aided by ‘vulture’ capitalists that help them get started”, alluding to the possibility of key employees leaving their employment to start their own firm in the same industry. Arguably, the threat of the establishment of a start-up can have a distorting effect on the incentives of incumbents to innovate.
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的是機制創新的技術來使他們的方式融入經濟已經大量的文獻,爭論往往體現在員工的知識流動促進技術擴散的物件。特定實例的關鍵員工的流動性是初創公司的創作。現有的實證證據顯示很多行業的演變是由初創企業創建由現任的前雇員 (例如見 Dahletal.,2010 年,克萊和臥鋪,2005 年,克萊,詞條驅動很大程度上2010 年,Acs 和普盧默,2005年)。然而,正如指出由克萊 (2001 年,體育 639) 初創企業有時被視為"他們的父母,幫他們開始的 '禿鷲' 資本家通過輔助的創新努力為食的寄生蟲",暗指關鍵員工離開他們的就業開始他們自己的公司在同行業中的可能性。可以說,建立的一家初創的威脅可以對於有扭曲作用的現任創新的動機。
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由創新技術來約,使他們的方式進入經濟的機制一直是大量文獻的對象,認為知識體現在員工的流動往往有利於技術擴散。關鍵員工的流動性的一個特定實例是創業公司的創建。現有的經驗證據顯示,許多行業的演變在很大程度上由初創公司由現任的前僱員(如見Dahletal,2010創建的條目驅動,Klepper和夢之,2005年,Klepper,
2010年,ACS和直立,2005)。然而,正如Klepper指出的(2001年,第639)創業有時被視為“寄生蟲餵養過自己的父母,通過'禿鷲'資本家幫助他們開始資助的創新努力”,暗指的可能性離開他們的就業關鍵員工開辦自己的公司在同行業中。可以說,建立一個啟動的威脅可能對現任創新的激勵扭曲效應。
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創新技術的機制,並使他們的管道進入經濟的機制一直是一個大的文獻的對象,認為在員工的知識體現的流動往往促進科技擴散。一個關鍵員工的流動性的一個特定的實例是創業公司的創建。現有的經驗證據表明,許多行業的發展在很大程度上是由企業員工創造創業前進入驅動(例如dahletal。,2010,Klepper和臥鋪,2005,克萊珀,2010、ACS和直立,2005)。然而,指出Klepper(2001,p. 639)初創企業有時被看作是“寄生蟲靠父母的努力創新,“禿鷲”資本家,幫助他們輔助開始”,暗指關鍵員工離開他們的就業,在同行業中開始自己的公司的可能性。可以說,一個創業的威脅可以建立產生扭曲效果,對企業的創新激勵。
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