Burgoon and her colleagues caution us that not all violations are clear, and consequently we employ a communicator reward valence. If a violation is ambiguous or has multiple meanings,EVT predicts that "communicator valence" will influence how the violation is interpreted and evaluated (more on this later in the chapter). Communicators interpret the violation using communicator reward valence . If the person is someone we like, we will usually evaluate the violation positively; if it is someone we do not like, we will usually view the violation negatively. We now turn our attention to additional concepts and features of EVT: arousal, threat threshold, violation valence, and communicator reward valence.