Third, participants were guided through a 20-min ‘‘goal mapping’’ exercise. In this exercise, they engaged in proactive hope-based planning by filling out a worksheet addressing the components of hope theory. They wrote down their goal on the right side of the page. To the left of this goal, running across the page, they wrote down three steps that they could take along their pathway to achieving this goal. Below each of these steps, they wrote an obstacle that possibly could hamper their ability to take the step as well as an alternative pathway around the obstacle. They also wrote down ways that they could maintain their agency through the process of goal pursuit.