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The Thai Pi Phat ensemble is similar to the better known Indonesian gamelan orchestra.
The instruments here are the basis of the Pi Phat, including: Khong Wong Yai, Ranat Ek, Taphon,
Khong Wong Lek (like the khong wong yai, but in a higher range),
Ranat Thum (like the ranat ek, but in a lower range. It plays a supportive role.),
Ching (tiny cymbals whose function is to keep time and indicate the pattern of a piece by the pattern of strokes they play.)
Though the Pi Phat ensemble is many centuries old, its current instrumentation is only estimated to have been established in the 1800s.
There is no standard pitch reference for Thai instruments; instead, each ensemble is tuned to itself.
This is done with a mixture of lead shavings and beeswax that is appliedto the underside of the gongs, xylophones and metalophones so that each bar or kettle is individually tuned. The Pi Phat ensemble is tuned to a seven-note, equidistant scale.
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