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On Wärtsilä 4-stroke engines the main purpose of the cooling system is to removethe heat from the engine generated in the combustion process. In addition, thecooling system maintains the charge air and lubricating oil temperatures at nominalvalues. A secondary function for the system is to preheat the engine block duringoperating breaks. /16/; /22/Indirect cooling is used on Wärtsilä 4-stroke engines, meaning that the heat is releasedto a closed coolant circuit instead of releasing the heat directly to coolingair without using a cooling agent /30, p. 309/. In the cooling system the coolingwater is circulated through the heat sources of the engine. The heat is conducted tothe cooling water and the circulating motion carries the heat away from the heatsources. The cooling system also includes a method to remove the heat load fromthe operating cycle to the environment. For example radiators, cooling towers,central coolers and box coolers are used for this purpose. /16/; /22/In most cases the cooling system consists of two separate cycles that are referredto as primary cycle and secondary cycle. The primary cycle is always a closed cyclethat circulates the cooling water in the heat sources and is cooled down by aheat exchanger. Treated fresh water is used in all Wärtsilä 4-stroke engines as acooling agent on primary cycle and glycol is used as an additive to prevent freezingwhen operating in cold conditions. The heat exchanger in the primary cycleserves as a connection for the heat to transfer to the secondary cycle which thentakes care of the heat disposal. There are also applications where the heat exchangerin the primary cycle serves directly as a heat exposal method, e.g. when
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