Basic Elements of Hardware
At a top level, a computer consists of processor, memory, and 1/0 components, with one or more modules of each type. These components are interconnected in some fashion to ichieve the main function of the computer, which is to execute programs. Thus, there are four main structural elements:
• Processor: Controls the operation of the computer and performs its data processing functions. When there is only one processor, it is often referred to as the central processing unit (CPU).
• Main memory: Stores data and programs. This memory is typically volatile: it is also referred to as real memory or primary memory.
• 1/0 modules: Move data between the computer and its external environmcnt. The external environment consists of a variety of external devices, including secondary memory devices, communications equipment, and terminals.
• System interconnection: Some structures and mechanisms that provide for communication among processors, main memory, and 1/0 modules.