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the local context for the rise of Islamic radicals.<br>The persistence of local histories and cultures leads the author to suggest<br>that radical Islamic fundamentalism remains marginal in contemporary<br>Indonesia. It is the Muhammadiyah and NU, both of which have accepted<br>the official state ideology of Pancasila (“Five Pillars”: divinity [defined as<br>belief in one supreme God], humanism, unity, democracy, and social justice) as the middle way between an Islamic state and a purely secular state,<br>that continue to play a moderating role in the political sphere. In other<br>words, the Islamization process in Indonesia is not contradictory with the<br>process of Indonesianization. This has also meant the victory of “cultural<br>Islam”dan kegagalan‘Islam politik’di negara itu. Semakin baru <br>munculnya Islam “neo-modernisme” dan “liberalisme” juga telah <br>dikaitkan dengan wacana modernis Islam global dan lokal.
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