The kind of teaching that is widely practised in Viet Nam encourages students to focus more on mastery of theory and the acquisition of memorized knowledge than on the development of soft skills such as analytical, problem solving and communication skills. Teaching approaches remain largely traditional, with examinations relying heavily on the capacity of the students to reproduce knowledge and skills learnt in this way. New approaches to teaching are being adopted. MOET, with financial assistance from the World Bank, has begun developing a new student-centred learning program to improve the quality of teaching and learning in primary schools. Even where teachers encourage students to be more proactive in their approach to learning, the shortage of learning materials and the limitations of the physical facilities are major constraints.