In this section, we analyse the short-term effects of monetary policy on the ex-
change rate and the domestic interest rate. The policy instruments examined in this
section include open market operations, non-sterilised foreign exchange opera-
tions and sterilised foreign exchange operations. Since these operations involve
changes in the monetary base or money supply, the supply of domestic bonds and
the supply of foreign bonds, certain analysis of the effect of these changes would
be helpful. Figure 10.2 illustrates the interest rate effect of changes in the mone-
tary base where
S
M stands for money supply; Figure 10.3 illustrates the interest
rate effect of changes in the supply of domestic bonds where
S
B stands for the
supply of domestic bonds; and Figure 10.4 illustrates the interest rate effect of
changes in the supply of foreign bonds where
S
B*
stands for the supply of for-
eign bonds. Recall from equation (10.5) to equation (10.7) that the demand for
money is a decreasing function of the interest rate, the demand for domestic bonds
is an increasing function of the interest rate and the demand for foreign bonds in a
decreasing function of the (domestic) interest rate, so the money curve in Figure