6:37
The other set of reasons for variation in the treatment of the elderly is the society's cultural values. For example, there's particular emphasis on respect for the elderly in East Asia, associated with Confucius' doctrine of filial piety, which means obedience, respect and support for elderly parents. Cultural values that emphasize respect for older people contrast with the low status of the elderly in the U.S. Older Americans are at a big disadvantage in job applications. They're at a big disadvantage in hospitals. Our hospitals have an explicit policy called age-based allocation of healthcare resources. That sinister expression means that if hospital resources are limited, for example if only one donor heart becomes available for transplant, or if a surgeon has time to operate on only a certain number of patients, American hospitals have an explicit policy of giving preference to younger patients over older patients on the grounds that younger patients are considered more valuable to society because they have more years of life ahead of them, even though the younger patients have fewer years of valuable life experience behind them. There are several reasons for this low status of the elderly in the U.S. One is our Protestant work ethic which places high value on work, so older people who are no longer working aren't respected. Another reason is our American emphasis on the virtues of self-reliance and independence, so we instinctively look down on older people who are no longer self-reliant and independent. Still a third reason is our American cult of youth, which shows up even in our advertisements. Ads for Coca-Cola and beer always depict smiling young people, even though old as well as young people buy and drink Coca-Cola and beer. Just think, what's the last time you saw a Coke or beer ad depicting smiling people 85 years old? Never. Instead, the only American ads featuring white-haired old people are ads for retirement homes and pension planning.
8:57
Well, what has changed in the status of the elderly today compared to their status in traditional societies? There have been a few changes for the better and more changes for the worse. Big changes for the better include the fact that today we enjoy much longer lives, much better health in our old age, and much better recreational opportunities. Another change for the better is that we now have specialized retirement facilities and programs to take care of old people. Changes for the worse begin with the cruel reality that we now have more old people and fewer young people than at any time in the past. That means that all those old people are more of a burden on the few young people, and that each old person has less individual value. Another big change for the worse in the status of the elderly is the breaking of social ties with age, because older people, their children, and their friends, all move and scatter independently of each other many times during their lives. We Americans move on the average every five years. Hence our older people are likely to end up living distant from their children and the friends of their youth. Yet another change for the worse in the status of the elderly is formal retirement from the workforce, carrying with it a loss of work friendships and a loss of the self-esteem associated with work. Perhaps the biggest change for the worse is that our elderly are objectively less useful than in traditional societies. Widespread literacy means that they are no longer useful as repositories of knowledge. When we want some information, we look it up in a book or we Google it instead of finding some old person to ask. The slow pace of technological change in traditional societies means that what someone learns there as a child is still useful when that person is old, but the rapid pace of technological change today means that what we learn as children is no longer useful 60 years later. And conversely, we older people are not fluent in the technologies essential for surviving in modern society. For example, as a 15-year-old, I was considered outstandingly good at multiplying numbers because I had memorized the multiplication tables and I know how to use logarithms and I'm quick at manipulating a slide rule. Today, though, those skills are utterly useless because any idiot can now multiply eight-digit numbers accurately and instantly with a pocket calculator. Conversely, I at age 75 am incompetent at skills essential for everyday life. My family's first TV set in 1948 had only three knobs that I quickly mastered: an on-off switch, a volume knob, and a channel selector knob. Today, just to watch a program on the TV set in my own house, I have to operate a 41-button TV remote that utterly defeats me. I have to telephone my 25-year-old sons and ask them to talk me through it while I try to push those wretched 41 buttons.
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6:37ชุดของเหตุผลสำหรับความผันแปรในการบำบัดรักษาของผู้สูงอายุมีค่านิยมทางวัฒนธรรมของสังคม ตัวอย่าง มีเน้นการเคารพผู้สูงอายุในเอเชียตะวันออก เชื่อมโยงกับหลักคำสอนของลัทธิขงจื้อของ filial ความยำเกรง ซึ่งหมายความว่า การเชื่อฟัง ความเคารพ และสนับสนุนสำหรับพ่อแม่ผู้สูงอายุ ค่านิยมทางวัฒนธรรมที่เน้นการเคารพความแตกต่างของคนเก่ามีสถานะต่ำสุดของผู้สูงอายุในสหรัฐฯ ชาวอเมริกันเก่า เป็นรองบิ๊กในใบสมัครงานได้ พวกเขากำลังเป็นรองขนาดใหญ่ในโรงพยาบาล โรงพยาบาลของเรามีนโยบายชัดเจนที่เรียกตามอายุการปันส่วนทรัพยากรสุขภาพ นิพจน์ที่อนาจารหมายความ ว่า ถ้าโรงพยาบาลทรัพยากรจำกัด สำหรับตัวอย่างถ้ามี เพียงหนึ่งผู้บริจาคหัวใจกลายเป็นพร้อมใช้งานสำหรับปลูก หรือศัลยแพทย์มีเวลาการทำงาน โดยเฉพาะจำนวนผู้ป่วย โรงพยาบาลอเมริกันมีนโยบายที่ชัดเจนของการให้ความสำคัญกับผู้ป่วยที่อายุน้อยกว่าผู้ป่วยเก่าใน grounds ว่าผู้ป่วยอายุน้อยกว่าจะถือว่ามีคุณค่ามากต่อสังคม เพราะพวกเขามีชีวิตก่อนให้มากกว่าปี แม้ว่าผู้ป่วยอายุน้อยมีน้อยมีคุณค่าชีวิตประสบการณ์เบื้องหลัง มีหลายเหตุผลสำหรับสถานะต่ำสุดของผู้สูงอายุในสหรัฐอเมริกา หนึ่งคือจริยธรรมของงานฝ่ายโปรเตสแตนต์ที่ทำมูลค่าสูงในการทำงาน เพื่อให้คนรุ่นเก่าที่ไม่ได้ทำงานไม่ยอมรับ อีกเหตุผลหนึ่งคือ เราเน้นคุณค่าของการพึ่งพาตนเองและความเป็นอิสระ อเมริกันเพื่อเรา instinctively มองลงมาดูคนเก่าจะไม่พึ่งพา และแบบอิสระ ยัง เหตุผลที่สามคือ ลัทธิของอเมริกันของเยาวชน ซึ่งแสดงในโฆษณาของเรา โฆษณาโคคา-โคล่าและเบียร์เสมอพรรณนายิ้มคนหนุ่มสาว แม้ว่าคนเก่า เป็นหนุ่มซื้อ และดื่มโคคา-โคล่าและเบียร์ เพียงคิดว่า ครั้งที่คุณเห็นเป็นโฆษณาโค้กหรือเบียร์แสดงยิ้มคนอายุ 85 ปีคืออะไร ไม่เคย แทน โฆษณาอเมริกันเท่านั้นที่มีคนขาว haired เก่าจะโฆษณาบ้านเกษียณและการวางแผนเงินบำนาญ8:57Well, what has changed in the status of the elderly today compared to their status in traditional societies? There have been a few changes for the better and more changes for the worse. Big changes for the better include the fact that today we enjoy much longer lives, much better health in our old age, and much better recreational opportunities. Another change for the better is that we now have specialized retirement facilities and programs to take care of old people. Changes for the worse begin with the cruel reality that we now have more old people and fewer young people than at any time in the past. That means that all those old people are more of a burden on the few young people, and that each old person has less individual value. Another big change for the worse in the status of the elderly is the breaking of social ties with age, because older people, their children, and their friends, all move and scatter independently of each other many times during their lives. We Americans move on the average every five years. Hence our older people are likely to end up living distant from their children and the friends of their youth. Yet another change for the worse in the status of the elderly is formal retirement from the workforce, carrying with it a loss of work friendships and a loss of the self-esteem associated with work. Perhaps the biggest change for the worse is that our elderly are objectively less useful than in traditional societies. Widespread literacy means that they are no longer useful as repositories of knowledge. When we want some information, we look it up in a book or we Google it instead of finding some old person to ask. The slow pace of technological change in traditional societies means that what someone learns there as a child is still useful when that person is old, but the rapid pace of technological change today means that what we learn as children is no longer useful 60 years later. And conversely, we older people are not fluent in the technologies essential for surviving in modern society. For example, as a 15-year-old, I was considered outstandingly good at multiplying numbers because I had memorized the multiplication tables and I know how to use logarithms and I'm quick at manipulating a slide rule. Today, though, those skills are utterly useless because any idiot can now multiply eight-digit numbers accurately and instantly with a pocket calculator. Conversely, I at age 75 am incompetent at skills essential for everyday life. My family's first TV set in 1948 had only three knobs that I quickly mastered: an on-off switch, a volume knob, and a channel selector knob. Today, just to watch a program on the TV set in my own house, I have to operate a 41-button TV remote that utterly defeats me. I have to telephone my 25-year-old sons and ask them to talk me through it while I try to push those wretched 41 buttons.
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