The various scenarios in the family reunification process affect the social relations in the family, and therefore impact on the utilisation of family resources as well as its capital accumulation. The scenarios could be; 1. The mother migrates first, and the children receive education and are taken care of by their grandparents, relatives or school in the Mainland; 2. The child migrates first, and leaves behind his/her mother and possibly also siblings to join ba 7 ma the father in Hong Kong. DE In the latter case, the father needs to take up the role of nurturing which the mother previously played. Such a social phenomenon may create tension in family functioning (So, 2002:20). Rao and Yuen (2001) suggest that psychiatric problems in newly arrived students may rise owing to the disruptions in family relations and changes in family ecologies. It is 314Ð1 also claimed that home-school co-operation can hardly be established if the mother, who a has arrived in Hong Kong, does not know Cantonese. coming to Hong Kong to give birth