Main limitation was that our study conducted in one ter- tiary care hospital of Karachi where mostly patients belong to the low and low middle class and data couldn’t predict the overall situation in the country. Second limitation was short sample size of the study which may have limited our ability to detect small differences. Furthermore, convenient sampling was employed, which may have led to selection bias, and hence was not truly representative of the popula- tion under study. Third limitation was that, for the evidence of anemia, diabetes and hypertension we mostly relied on the maternal history without consideration of when the events occurred and how long they were or how they were managed.