Virtue ethics is a broad term for theories that emphasize the role of  translation - Virtue ethics is a broad term for theories that emphasize the role of  Malay how to say

Virtue ethics is a broad term for t

Virtue ethics is a broad term for theories that emphasize the role of character and virtue in moral philosophy rather than either doing one’s duty or acting in order to bring about good consequences. A virtue ethicist is likely to give you this kind of moral advice: “Act as a virtuous person would act in your situation.”

Most virtue ethics theories take their inspiration from Aristotle who declared that a virtuous person is someone who has ideal character traits. These traits derive from natural internal tendencies, but need to be nurtured; however, once established, they will become stable. For example, a virtuous person is someone who is kind across many situations over a lifetime because that is her character and not because she wants to maximize utility or gain favors or simply do her duty. Unlike deontological and consequentialist theories, theories of virtue ethics do not aim primarily to identify universal principles that can be applied in any moral situation. And virtue ethics theories deal with wider questions—“How should I live?” and “What is the good life?” and “What are proper family and social values?”

Since its revival in the twentieth century, virtue ethics has been developed in three main directions: Eudaimonism, agent-based theories, and the ethics of care. Eudaimonism bases virtues in human flourishing, where flourishing is equated with performing one’s distinctive function well. In the case of humans, Aristotle argued that our distinctive function is reasoning, and so the life “worth living” is one which we reason well. An agent-based theory emphasizes that virtues are determined by common-sense intuitions that we as observers judge to be admirable traits in other people. The third branch of virtue ethics, the ethics of care, was proposed predominately by feminist thinkers. It challenges the idea that ethics should focus solely on justice and autonomy; it argues that more feminine traits, such as caring and nurturing, should also be considered.

Here are some common objections to virtue ethics. Its theories provide a self-centered conception of ethics because human flourishing is seen as an end in itself and does not sufficiently consider the extent to which our actions affect other people. Virtue ethics also does not provide guidance on how we should act, as there are no clear principles for guiding action other than “act as a virtuous person would act given the situation.” Lastly, the ability to cultivate the right virtues will be affected by a number of different factors beyond a person's control due to education, society, friends and family. If moral character is so reliant on luck, what role does this leave for appropriate praise and blame of the person?

This article looks at how virtue ethics originally defined itself by calling for a change from the dominant normative theories of deontology and consequentialism. It goes on to examine some common objections raised against virtue ethics and then looks at a sample of fully developed accounts of virtue ethics and responses.
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Virtue ethics is a broad term for theories that emphasize the role of character and virtue in moral philosophy rather than either doing one’s duty or acting in order to bring about good consequences. A virtue ethicist is likely to give you this kind of moral advice: “Act as a virtuous person would act in your situation.”Most virtue ethics theories take their inspiration from Aristotle who declared that a virtuous person is someone who has ideal character traits. These traits derive from natural internal tendencies, but need to be nurtured; however, once established, they will become stable. For example, a virtuous person is someone who is kind across many situations over a lifetime because that is her character and not because she wants to maximize utility or gain favors or simply do her duty. Unlike deontological and consequentialist theories, theories of virtue ethics do not aim primarily to identify universal principles that can be applied in any moral situation. And virtue ethics theories deal with wider questions—“How should I live?” and “What is the good life?” and “What are proper family and social values?”Since its revival in the twentieth century, virtue ethics has been developed in three main directions: Eudaimonism, agent-based theories, and the ethics of care. Eudaimonism bases virtues in human flourishing, where flourishing is equated with performing one’s distinctive function well. In the case of humans, Aristotle argued that our distinctive function is reasoning, and so the life “worth living” is one which we reason well. An agent-based theory emphasizes that virtues are determined by common-sense intuitions that we as observers judge to be admirable traits in other people. The third branch of virtue ethics, the ethics of care, was proposed predominately by feminist thinkers. It challenges the idea that ethics should focus solely on justice and autonomy; it argues that more feminine traits, such as caring and nurturing, should also be considered.Here are some common objections to virtue ethics. Its theories provide a self-centered conception of ethics because human flourishing is seen as an end in itself and does not sufficiently consider the extent to which our actions affect other people. Virtue ethics also does not provide guidance on how we should act, as there are no clear principles for guiding action other than “act as a virtuous person would act given the situation.” Lastly, the ability to cultivate the right virtues will be affected by a number of different factors beyond a person's control due to education, society, friends and family. If moral character is so reliant on luck, what role does this leave for appropriate praise and blame of the person?This article looks at how virtue ethics originally defined itself by calling for a change from the dominant normative theories of deontology and consequentialism. It goes on to examine some common objections raised against virtue ethics and then looks at a sample of fully developed accounts of virtue ethics and responses.
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Etika Kebaikan adalah satu istilah yang luas untuk teori yang menekankan peranan watak dan kebaikan dalam falsafah moral dan bukan sama ada melakukan tugas seseorang atau bertindak untuk membawa kesan yang baik. A Ahli etika menurut mungkin untuk memberikan anda jenis ini nasihat moral: ". Akta sebagai orang yang mulia akan bertindak dalam keadaan anda" Kebanyakan etika menurut teori sumber inspirasi daripada Aristotle yang mengisytiharkan bahawa orang yang mulia adalah seseorang yang mempunyai sifat-sifat watak ideal. Ciri-ciri ini berasal dari kecenderungan dalaman semula jadi, tetapi perlu dipupuk; Walau bagaimanapun, sebaik sahaja ditubuhkan, mereka akan menjadi stabil. Sebagai contoh, orang yang mulia adalah seorang yang baik hati di banyak keadaan lebih seumur hidup kerana itu adalah watak beliau dan bukan kerana dia mahu memaksimumkan utiliti atau keuntungan nikmat atau hanya melakukan tugasnya. Tidak seperti teori deontological dan consequentialist, teori-teori etika menurut tidak bertujuan terutamanya untuk mengenal pasti prinsip-prinsip sejagat yang boleh digunakan dalam apa jua keadaan moral. Dan etika menurut teori menangani lebih luas soalan- "Bagaimana aku hidup?" Dan "Apakah kehidupan yang baik?" Dan "Apakah keluarga dan sosial nilai-nilai yang betul?" Sejak kebangkitan pada abad kedua puluh, etika menurut kuasa telah dibangunkan dalam tiga arah utama: Eudaimonism, teori berasaskan ejen-dan etika penjagaan. Pangkalan Eudaimonism kebaikan dalam berkembang manusia, di mana berkembang disamakan dengan melaksanakan fungsi tersendiri seseorang juga. Dalam kes manusia, Aristotle berpendapat bahawa fungsi tersendiri kami adalah penaakulan, dan sebagainya kehidupan "bernilai hidup" adalah salah satu yang kita sebab juga. Teori berdasarkan ejen-menekankan bahawa kebaikan ditentukan oleh intuisi logik bahawa kita sebagai pemerhati hakim menjadi sifat-sifat terpuji pada orang lain. Cawangan ketiga etika kebaikan, etika penjagaan, telah dicadangkan sebagian besar oleh para pemikir feminis. Ia mencabar idea bahawa etika perlu memberi tumpuan semata-mata kepada keadilan dan autonomi; ia berpendapat bahawa sifat-sifat yang lebih feminin, seperti penyayang dan memupuk, juga perlu dipertimbangkan. Berikut adalah beberapa bantahan yang sama dengan etika kebaikan. Teori Its menyediakan konsep mementingkan diri sendiri etika kerana berkembang manusia dilihat sebagai penyelesaian tersendiri dan tidak cukup mempertimbangkan sejauh mana tindakan kita memberi kesan kepada orang lain. Etika menurut juga tidak memberi panduan tentang bagaimana kita harus bertindak, kerana tidak ada prinsip yang jelas untuk membimbing tindakan selain daripada "bertindak sebagai orang yang mulia akan bertindak memandangkan keadaan." Akhir sekali, keupayaan untuk memupuk nilai-nilai yang betul akan terjejas oleh beberapa faktor yang berbeza di luar kawalan seseorang kerana pendidikan, masyarakat, rakan-rakan dan keluarga. Jika watak moral begitu bergantung kepada nasib, apa peranan tidak cuti ini untuk pujian dan celaan orang yang sesuai? Artikel ini melihat bagaimana etika menurut asalnya ditakrifkan dirinya dengan memanggil untuk perubahan dari teori-teori normatif dominan tata susila dan consequentialism. Ia seterusnya meneliti beberapa bantahan biasa dibangkitkan terhadap etika kebaikan dan kemudiannya melihat sampel akaun maju etika kebaikan dan jawapan.








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