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Native and Nonnative DefinitionsThe primary step in investigating thenative and nonnative dichotomy is to understandthe basis on which each category isdefined. The most common definition ofnative speaker is that of bio-developmental,proposed by Davies (1991): “The first languagea human being learns to speak is hisnative language; he is a native speaker of thislanguage” (cited in Cook, 1999, p. 185). Inother words, a person is a native speaker ofthe L1 he or she grew up with.This bio-developmentalapproach to defining the nativespeakership, in essence, presents anunchangeable fact that characterizes individualslinguistically.Perhaps going beyond the bio-developmentaldetermination of native speakers is somewhatambiguous. Stern (1983) suggests the followingfeatures that constitute native speakers:
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