An alternative conceptualization is that the individuals most prepared to deal with change throughout the life span are those with a high level of intentionality in the growth process (DeCarvalho, 1990). DeCarvalho posited that people who are aware of and intentionally engaged in the process-of-becoming will perceive choices when confronted with environmental pressures. In addition, they will be able to follow through on these perceptions of choice, to actively choose the ways in which they will grow.