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DNA methylation was the first epigenetic mark to be discovered, involving the addition of a methyl group to the 5 position of cytosine by DNA methyltransferases, and can be inherited through cell division. DNA hydroxymethylation, caused by oxidation of 5-methylcytosine through the TET family of enzymes, was further discovered to be involved in switching genes on and off. DNA methylation plays an important role in normal human development and is associated with the regulation of gene expression, tumorigenesis, and other genetic and epigenetic diseases.
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