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Cavitation is a phenomenon, whereby some of the liquid being pumped vaporizes andforms into bubbles on the low pressure (predominantly suction) side of the impeller, asa result of the pressure being reduced to less than the vapour pressure of the liquid. Thebubbles, implode back into a liquid, as a result of, sudden change to high pressure;towards the [predominantly] discharge end of the impeller. The resultant impact of theimplosion of the bubbles is termed as cavitation, which in its disastrous state, can bequite intimidating, with violent pump vibrations and ultimate failure.In more common applications, cavitation in pumps can occur without any appreciablenoise or wear being evident.The effects of cavitations are manifested by pitting and corrosion like effects on pumpcasing and impellers. More importantly, however, is the fact that cavitation contributesto significant damage to seal, bearing and pump shafts, consequently resulting inpremature component failure and associated maintenance costs.To avoid cavitation, it is imperative that the Nett Positive Suction Head Available(NPSHA) [which is calculated as part of the pumping system design is always greaterthan Nett Positive Suction Head Required (NPSHR)]. The NPSHR is unique for each
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