The Irish Question by the mid-nineteenth century had a number of parad translation - The Irish Question by the mid-nineteenth century had a number of parad Indonesian how to say

The Irish Question by the mid-ninet

The Irish Question by the mid-nineteenth century had a number of paradoxical
aspects. The agricultural population of Ireland of these years remained among the
poorest, most exploited, and most widely maligned in Europe, yet, like other wretchedly
poor populations of the day, such as the Jews of eastern Europe and the southern
Italians, the Irish rural masses reproduced at a simply astonishing rate. Since the eighteenth
century nearly all of Europe’s population had begun to grow as never before, but,
as noted above, the Irish population grew from around 2.6 million in the 1750s to 8
million by the beginning of the 1840s. In roughly the same period the population of
Scotland grew from 1.2 to 2.6 million and that of Portugal from 2.2 to 3.4 million.
The reasons for this spurt in population have been much debated, but all observers
agree that one factor was the introduction of the potato to Ireland. This remarkably
nutritious root became a staple food of the poor in many other areas of Europe but
nowhere more than in Ireland. Since the potato was also easily grown, even in boggy,
rainy areas unfit for other crops, a small plot of land for growing potatoes could support
a family, encouraging the Irish lower classes to marry earlier and produce many children.
However, the Irish poor did not own the land they worked and therefore did not
share the same incentives as land-owning peasants in nineteenth-century France, who
tended to restrict births in order to avoid dividing their land among their children.
Protestant absentee landlords owned much of the extensively subdivided land in
Catholic Ireland, but they little resembled the improving landlords of the English agricultural
revolution. On the contrary, they were notorious for their indolence, irresponsibility,
and parasitical relationship to those who worked their lands. Even before the
mass exodus of the late 1840s and 1850s, close to 2 million Irish had left for the
Americas, fleeing what seemed a hopeless situation in the land of their birth.
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The Irish Question by the mid-nineteenth century had a number of paradoxicalaspects. The agricultural population of Ireland of these years remained among thepoorest, most exploited, and most widely maligned in Europe, yet, like other wretchedlypoor populations of the day, such as the Jews of eastern Europe and the southernItalians, the Irish rural masses reproduced at a simply astonishing rate. Since the eighteenthcentury nearly all of Europe’s population had begun to grow as never before, but,as noted above, the Irish population grew from around 2.6 million in the 1750s to 8million by the beginning of the 1840s. In roughly the same period the population ofScotland grew from 1.2 to 2.6 million and that of Portugal from 2.2 to 3.4 million.The reasons for this spurt in population have been much debated, but all observersagree that one factor was the introduction of the potato to Ireland. This remarkablynutritious root became a staple food of the poor in many other areas of Europe butnowhere more than in Ireland. Since the potato was also easily grown, even in boggy,rainy areas unfit for other crops, a small plot of land for growing potatoes could supporta family, encouraging the Irish lower classes to marry earlier and produce many children.However, the Irish poor did not own the land they worked and therefore did notshare the same incentives as land-owning peasants in nineteenth-century France, whotended to restrict births in order to avoid dividing their land among their children.Protestant absentee landlords owned much of the extensively subdivided land inCatholic Ireland, but they little resembled the improving landlords of the English agriculturalrevolution. On the contrary, they were notorious for their indolence, irresponsibility,and parasitical relationship to those who worked their lands. Even before themass exodus of the late 1840s and 1850s, close to 2 million Irish had left for theAmericas, fleeing what seemed a hopeless situation in the land of their birth.
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Irlandia Pertanyaan oleh pertengahan abad kesembilan belas memiliki sejumlah paradoks
aspek. Populasi pertanian dari Irlandia tahun ini tetap di antara
termiskin, yang paling dieksploitasi, dan paling banyak difitnah di Eropa, namun, seperti celaka lain
populasi miskin hari, seperti orang-orang Yahudi dari Eropa Timur dan selatan
Italia, massa pedesaan Irlandia direproduksi pada tingkat hanya menakjubkan. Karena kedelapan belas
abad hampir semua penduduk Eropa mulai tumbuh tidak seperti sebelumnya, tapi,
seperti disebutkan di atas, populasi Irlandia tumbuh dari sekitar 2,6 juta pada tahun 1750 menjadi 8
juta pada awal tahun 1840-an. Di sekitar periode yang sama penduduk
Skotlandia tumbuh 1,2-2,6 juta dan yang dari Portugal 2,2-3,4 juta.
Alasan untuk percepatan ini dalam populasi telah banyak diperdebatkan, tetapi semua pengamat
setuju bahwa salah satu faktor adalah pengenalan kentang Irlandia. Ini sangat
akar bergizi menjadi makanan pokok orang miskin di banyak daerah lain Eropa, tetapi
tempat lebih dari di Irlandia. Sejak kentang juga mudah tumbuh, bahkan di berlumpur,
daerah hujan tidak layak untuk tanaman lain, sebidang kecil tanah untuk kentang tumbuh bisa mendukung
keluarga, mendorong kelas bawah Irlandia untuk menikah sebelumnya dan menghasilkan banyak anak.
Namun, Irlandia miskin tidak memiliki tanah mereka bekerja dan karena itu tidak
berbagi insentif sama dengan petani pemilik lahan pada abad kesembilan belas Perancis, yang
cenderung untuk membatasi kelahiran untuk menghindari membagi tanah mereka di antara anak-anak mereka.
tuan tanah absentee Protestan dimiliki banyak ekstensif dibagi tanah di
Katolik Irlandia, tetapi mereka sedikit mirip dengan tuan tanah meningkatkan dari pertanian Inggris
revolusi. Sebaliknya, mereka terkenal karena kemalasan mereka, tidak bertanggung jawab,
dan hubungan parasit bagi mereka yang bekerja tanah mereka. Bahkan sebelum
eksodus massal tahun 1840-an dan 1850-an, dekat dengan 2 juta Irlandia telah meninggalkan untuk
Amerika, melarikan diri apa yang tampak situasi tanpa harapan di tanah kelahiran mereka.
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