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Thetrialswere located at theNorwegian Institute forAgriculturaland Environmental Research at the sites Apelsvoll (608 420N, 108510E, 250 masl) and Kvithamar (638 260N, 108 520E, 25 masl). The soilat Apelsvoll is an imperfectly drained loam developed on morainictill and classified as an Aquic Fragiudept (Soil Survey Staff, 1998),Endostagnic Cambisol (WRB, 1998) and a Gleyed Melanic Brunisol(CSSC, 1998). The soil at Kvithamar is a poorly drained silty clay loamdeveloped on marine sediments and classified as a Typic Cryaquoll(Soil Survey Staff, 1998), aMollic Gleysol (WRB, 1998) and an OrthicHumic Gleysol (CSSC, 1998).The soil has been farmed organically since 1997 at Apelsvoll and1993 at Kvithamar. Crop rotations have been dominated by cerealsat Apelsvoll and by perennial leys at Kvithamar (Bakken et al.,2006). After conversion to organic cropping, cattle slurry has beenapplied regularly at Kvithamar. At Apelsvoll, green manure,including legumes, every fourth year in the rotation has beenthe only nutrient source. Prior to the present trials, ploughing hasnormally been performed in autumn at both sites.Normal values (1961–1990) for annual precipitation and meantemperature are 600 mm and 3.6 8C at Apelsvoll and 890 mm and
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