Recent estimates are that 5 to 9 percent of jobs in the US and in the Parisbased Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), a group of mostly rich countries, could be automated in coming decades. Some of the service jobs that could soon be replaced are in warehouses, where robots are now able to find, pick, and package products for the rapidly growing online shopping sector (figure 8.29). Other jobs in retail and restaurants could be replaced with scanners, touch screen orders, and automatic payment from cell phones. In transportation, rapid progress is being made in developing autonomous vehicles, which threatens the jobs of taxi drivers, truck drivers, and anyone else who drives for a living. Work is even being done to fully automate massive ocean-going cargo ships. But it isnot only lower- or middle-skilled service jobs that are threatened by automation. Computers can now accurately identify tumors in x-rays, natural language algorithms can scan legal documents, and artificial intelligence can identify patterns in data