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The fundamental result of basic insurance theory is that individuals will demand full insurance in order to fully smooth their consumption across states of the world. That is, in a perfectly functioning insurance market, individuals will want to buy insurance so that they have the same level of consumption regardless of whether the adverse event (such as getting hit by a car) happens or not. Given diminishing marginal utility, this course of action gives individuals a higher level of utility than does allowing the accident to lower their consumption. The intuition is the same as the example over time at the start of this section: it is better to have constant consumption in all states of the world than to have consumption that is high in one state and low in another.
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