tion of inspirational leadership (.50) is higher than the average inter-item correlation of transformational leadership (.44). The lowest item-rest correlation is also higher for inspirational leadership .46, compared with .32 for transformational leadership. The inspirational scale thus has a higher internal consistency than the transformational scale.
The factor found for transactional leadership, named rational-objective leadership, is sim-ilar to Bass' scale for transactional leadership without passive management-by-exception. The correlation between the two scales is considerable (.84, see Table 7). After factor anal-ysis and application of the stipulated critetia, nine items are in the rational-objective scale. The scale statistics for rational-objective leadership are shown in Table 5. They are as expected after adapting the scale, better than those statistics for Bass' transactional leadership. The a of rational-objective leadership is .79, higher than the .60 a of trans-actional leadership. Rational-objective leadership has fewer items (9 vs. 12). The average inter-item correlation of rational leadership (.30) is not as high as the average inter-item
Factor loadmg
.82 .78
.75 .75 .75
.75 .73 .72
.72 .70 .68
.63
.61 .57
.57 .55
. .55 .48
Item-rest correlation
.77 .78
.78 .77 .74
.76
.72 .66
.77
.72 .72 .70 .66 .63 .61 .58 .43 .49
Factor loading
.69 .65
.63 .58 .56 .49
.49 .45
Item-rest cotrelation
.46 .60 .62 .54 .52
.45
.45 .36
30 Deanne N, Den Hartog, JaapJ, Van Muifen and Paul L, Koopman
Table 5. Loadings and item—total correlations of the items on Factor 2 (rational-objective leadership, a — .81) and scale statistics