The study shows that incorporating PCA enhances the usefulness, acceptance, and user adoption of e-health systems for cross-boundary clinical decision support. As noted by Househ et al. (2009, p. e11), understanding how socio-cultural interactions impact knowledge exchange in a distributed environment, such as e-health, represents an opportunity to enhance how such activities are carried out. The approach described in this paper has the potential to enable the As for future scope of this research, the proposed optimization models do not consider benefit allocation between the DSS for PLISMO and vehicle owners. The benefit allocation mechanism is important and sufficiently sensitive to canvass vehicles and orders for the DSS for PLISMO. Second, for solving the trust problem among vehicle drivers, customers and the DSS, rational mechanisms for punishment should be designed. Third, models in this work do not consider uncertainties and disruption recovery strategies. These features will generate many research topics. Our hope is that governments and industries pay attention to the ELR problem and to verify that the DSS for PLISMO is a practical solution of reducing ELR. Moreover, we appeal academics, device vendors, information service providers, logistics service providers, and other practitioners to focus on developing new ideas and practical DSSs for reducing ELR. These future research directions will have the potential to lead to considerable theoretical and practical advancements in the fields of dynamic routing, transportation and logistics optimization.