THE POLITICS OF POLICYWhy is the implementation of good policy so hard translation - THE POLITICS OF POLICYWhy is the implementation of good policy so hard Lao how to say

THE POLITICS OF POLICYWhy is the im

THE POLITICS OF POLICY
Why is the implementation of good policy so hard?
Everyone knows that the clean water and sanitation are essential to good health yet people still do not have access to them. But it is an easy problem to solve right? The Government decides on a policy goal that all people must have access to clean water and toilets, Government officials write strategies and plans to ensure the goal is achieved, international donors provide funds and private companies supply the pumps and latrines to make the policy a reality. After the end of the first 2 years things are going very well, the majority of targeted villages now have access to clean water and toilets, the villagers are happy and disease from water-borne diseases are declining rapidly. But by the end of 5 years it is a different story! The pumps are broken and cannot be repaired, water has run out in some villages, toilets are smelly and are not used, disease is on the rise again and the villagers are disillusioned that once again the Government has let them now.

Why did such a good policy, where the technical solution is readily available fail? This short article addresses this issue, it aims to assist policy makers to formulate better policies and help to ensure that they can be implemented effectively. The article draws upon case studies from projects around the world to illustrate the complex and messy process of policy formulation and implementation. It draws upon theorectical frameworks but perhaps more importantly highlights practical tools that policy makers and implementators can use to make their policies more effective.
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ທາງ​ດ້ານ​ການ​ເມືອງ​ຂອງ​ນະ​ໂຍ​ບາຍ​ແມ່ນ​ວ່າ​ເປັນ​ຫຍັງ​ການ​ປະ​ຕິ​ບັດ​ຂອງ​ນະ​ໂຍ​ບາຍ​ທີ່​ດີ​ນັ້ນ​ຍາກ​?
ບຸກ​ຄົນ​ທຸກ​ຄົນ​ຮູ້​ວ່າ​ນ​້​ໍ​າ​ສະ​ອາດ​ແລະ​ສຸ​ຂາ​ພິ​ບານ​ຈໍາ​ເປັນ​ຕໍ່​ສຸ​ຂະ​ພາບ​ດີ​ແຕ່​ປະ​ຊາ​ຊົນ​ຍັງ​ບໍ່​ມີ​ການ​ເຂົ້າ​ເຖິງ​ເຂົາ​ເຈົ້າ​. ແຕ່​ວ່າ​ມັນ​ເປັນ​ບັນ​ຫາ​ງ່າຍ​ຕໍ່​ການ​ແກ້​ໄຂ​ທີ່​ຖືກ​ຕ້ອງ​? ລັດ​ຖະ​ບານ​ໄດ້​ຕັດ​ສິນ​ໃຈ​ກ່ຽວ​ກັບ​ເປົ້າ​ຫມາຍ​ນະ​ໂຍ​ບາຍ​ທີ່​ປະ​ຊາ​ຊົນ​ທຸກ​ຄົນ​ຈະ​ຕ້ອງ​ມີ​ການ​ເຂົ້າ​ເຖິງ​ຄວາມ​ສະ​ອາດ​ນ​້​ໍ​າ​ແລະ​ຫ້ອງ​ນ​້​ໍ​, ພະ​ນັກ​ງານ​ລັດ​ຖະ​ບານ​ຂຽນ​ແຜນ​ຍຸດ​ທະ​ສາດ​ແລະ​ແຜນ​ການ​ທີ່​ຈະ​ຮັບ​ປະ​ກັນ​ໃຫ້​ເປົ້າ​ຫມາຍ​ໄດ້​ຖືກ​ບັນ​ລຸ​ໄດ້​, ຜູ້​ໃຫ້​ທຶນ​ສາ​ກົນ​ສະ​ຫນອງ​ທຶນ​ແລະ​ບໍ​ລິ​ສັດ​ເອ​ກະ​ຊົນ​ສະ​ຫນອງ​ເຄື່ອງ​ສູບ​ນ​້​ແລະ​ວິດ​ຖ່າຍ​ເພື່ອ​ເຮັດ​ໃຫ້​ນະ​ໂຍ​ບາຍ​ຄວາມ​ເປັນ​ຈິງ​ແລ້ວ​ໄດ້ . ຫຼັງ​ຈາກ​ສິ້ນ​ສຸດ 2 ປີ​ທໍາ​ອິດ​ສິ່ງ​ທີ່​ເຮົາ​ມີ​ດີ​ຫຼາຍ​, ສ່ວນ​ໃຫຍ່​ຂອງ​ຫມູ່​ບ້ານ​ເປົ້າ​ຫມາຍ​ໃນ​ປັດ​ຈຸ​ບັນ​ມີ​ການ​ເຂົ້າ​ເຖິງ​ຄວາມ​ສະ​ອາດ​ນ​້​ໍ​າ​ແລະ​ຫ້ອງ​ນໍ້າ​, ຊາວ​ບ້ານ​ໄດ້​ມີ​ຄວາມ​ຍິນ​ດີ​ແລະ​ພະ​ຍາດ​ພະ​ຍາດ​ຕິດ​ຕໍ່​ຈາກ​ນ​້​ໍ​າ​ເກີດ​ມີ​ການ​ຫຼຸດ​ລົງ​ຢ່າງ​ໄວ​ວາ​. ແຕ່​ໃນ​ຕອນ​ທ້າຍ​ຂອງ 5 ປີ​ທີ່​ມັນ​ເປັນ​ເລື່ອງ​ທີ່​ແຕກ​ຕ່າງ​ກັນ​! ຈັກ​ສູບ​ໄດ້​ຖືກ​ແຍກ​ແລະ​ບໍ່​ສາ​ມາດ​ໄດ້​ຮັບ​ການ​ສ້ອມ​ແປງ​, ນ​້​ໍ​າ​ໄດ້​ດໍາ​ເນີນ​ການ​ຢູ່​ໃນ​ບາງ​ຫມູ່​ບ້ານ​, ຫ້ອງ​ນ​້​ໍາ​ມີ​ກິ່ນ​ແລະ​ຍັງ​ບໍ່​ໄດ້​ນໍາ​ໃຊ້​, ພະ​ຍາດ​ນີ້​ແມ່ນ​ກ່ຽວ​ກັບ​ການ​ເພີ່ມ​ຂຶ້ນ​ອີກ​ເທື່ອ​ຫນຶ່ງ​ແລະ​ຊາວ​ບ້ານ​ກໍ​ໄດ້ disillusioned ວ່າ​ເມື່ອ​ອີກ​ເທື່ອ​ຫນຶ່ງ​ລັດ​ຖະ​ບານ​ທີ່​ມີ​ໃຫ້​ພວກ​ເຂົາ​ໃນ​ປັດ​ຈຸ​ບັນ​. ບໍ່​ເປັນ​ຫຍັງ​ດັ່ງ​ກ່າວ​ເປັນ ນະ​ໂຍ​ບາຍ​ທີ່​ດີ​, ບ່ອນ​ທີ່​ການ​ແກ້​ໄຂ​ດ້ານ​ວິ​ຊາ​ການ​ແມ່ນ​ງ່າຍ​ບໍ່​? ບົດ​ຄວາມ​ນີ້​ຢູ່​ກັບ​ບັນ​ຫາ​ນີ້​, ມັນ​ມີ​ຈຸດ​ປະ​ສົງ​ໃຫ້​ການ​ຊ່ວຍ​ເຫຼືອ​ຜູ້​ຜະ​ລິດ​ນະ​ໂຍ​ບາຍ​ໃນ​ການ​ສ້າງ​ນະ​ໂຍ​ບາຍ​ທີ່​ດີກ​ວ່າ​ແລະ​ການ​ຊ່ວຍ​ເຫຼືອ​ເພື່ອ​ຮັບ​ປະ​ກັນ​ວ່າ​ພວກ​ເຂົາ​ເຈົ້າ​ສາ​ມາດ​ໄດ້​ຮັບ​ການ​ປະ​ຕິ​ບັດ​ສິດ​ທິ​ຜົນ​. ບົດ​ຄວາມ​ທີ່​ເພິ່ງ​ກໍ​ລະ​ນີ​ສຶກ​ສາ​ຈາກ​ໂຄງ​ການ​ໃນ​ທົ່ວ​ໂລກ​ສະ​ແດງ​ໃຫ້​ເຫັນ​ຂະ​ບວນ​ການ​ສະ​ລັບ​ສັບ​ຊ້ອນ​ແລະ​ລະ​ບຽບ​ການ​ຂອງ​ການ​ສ້າງ​ນະ​ໂຍ​ບາຍ​ແລະ​ການ​ປະ​ຕິ​ບັດ​. ມັນ draws ຕາມ​ຂອບ theorectical ແຕ່​ບາງ​ທີ​ສິ່ງ​ທີ່​ສໍາ​ຄັນ​ເນັ້ນ​ເຄື່ອງ​ມື​ການ​ປະ​ຕິ​ບັດ​ທີ່​ວາງ​ນະ​ໂຍ​ບາຍ​ແລະ​ການ​ປະ​ຕິ​ບັດ​ສາ​ມາດ​ນໍາ​ໃຊ້​ເພື່ອ​ເຮັດ​ໃຫ້​ນະ​ໂຍ​ບາຍ​ຂອງ​ເຂົາ​ເຈົ້າ​ປະ​ສິດ​ທິ​ຜົນ​ຫລາຍ​ຂຶ້ນ​.


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