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Irrespective of whether you communicate by email or letter, these guidelines should be followed.1. Follow a standard. There are differences between British English and American English customs in emails and letters (see the boxes below).2. Use the same standards for emails and letters.Both can either be formal or informal (see the boxes below).3. Use a salutation (greeting) in English. In most cases this will be with 'Dear Mr Jones,' or 'Dear John'. Occasionally in emails people just use the first name if they know the person well. 'Hi,' is only suitable among friends. Letters of recommendation usually start: 'To whom it may concern,'.4. Use the ending that matches the salutation. If you are unsure, follow the guidelines in the boxes below.5. It is often useful to use '-ing forms' in the verbs at the end. This stresses that you have an on-going relationship and that there is unfinished business. Some examples are: 'We are looking forward to receiving your comments on this report, by the end of April'. 'We are considering your proposals and are looking forward to discussing matters with you on 12 April'. Naturally this does not apply to all types of emails.6. Write the month in letters or use the ISO standard for international contacts. Use the format, 2 May 2011, or the ISO standard for all-digit dates (CCYY-MM-DD). In ISO 8601, 2 May 2011 is written 2011-05-02. Remember that a date written as 02.05.11 or 2/5/11 will mean 2 May 2011 to most Europeans but February 5, 2011 to most Americans.7. Avoid exclamation marks (!) in formal business emails or letters. An exclamation mark in English is used to express astonishment or surprise.8. Avoid short forms like 'I'm' and 'don't' in formal business emails or letters. These should only be used in informal, conversational writing and when reporting another person's exact words. Sometimes they are used in personal emails to stress closeness and informality.9. In letters, never put the place name in front of the date. Never write "Oslo, 12 December 2010" at the top. Just write the date. In personal letters, never put your name at the top. Your printed name comes at the bottom under your signature.10. Never capitalize 'you' and 'your' in mid-sentence.Many people say that they were taught this in school. Capitalized 'You' and 'Your' in mid sentence disappeared in English a few hundred years ago, so there must be some old teachers around.
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