Among them, floating drug delivery

Among them, floating drug delivery system (FDDS) could basically float in the gastric fluid and prolong GRT to obtain sufficient drug bioavailability (Baumgartner et al., 2000; Sauzet et al., 2009; Singh and Kim, 2000), because of their lower bulk density compared to that of the aqueous medium. Typically, FDDS could be divided into two types: effervescent drug delivery systems which depended on the generation of carbon dioxide gas upon contact with gastric fluids and non-effervescent drug delivery systems. According to previous report, FDDS was desirable for those drugs: (i) act locally in stomach; (ii) have a narrow absorption window in the small intestinal region; (iii) are unstable in the intestinal environment and (iv) have poor solubility in a high pH environment (Bardonnet et al., 2006; El Gamal et al., 2011; Nagarwal et al., 2010; Talukder and Fassihi, 2004).
Ofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent, which has a broad antimicrobial spectrum against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, which has been approved for use in the treatment of gastrointestinal infections, respiratory tract infections and urinary tract infections (Zivanovic et al., 2006). Ofloxacin was readily soluble in stomach of acidic environment, but prone to precipitate in the intestine of neutral or slightly alkaline pH values, which affected their absorption in the lower section of the intestine. Apart from solubility, the absorption site is the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract (Chavanpatil et al., 2005).
Therefore, various floating systems for ofloxacin have already been investigated. Chavanpatil et al. (2005) have developed ofloxacin sustained release tablet using psyllium husk, HPMC K100 M, crospovidone and sodium bicarbonate. However, when the tablets were immersed in simulated gastric fluid, the floating tablets showed burst drug release in the first 2 h. Zhang et al.(2012) reported a floating multi particulate system for ofloxacin
based on a multilayer structure by coating with a release retarding
film (EC), an effervescent layer (NaHCO3) and a gas-entrapped polymeric membrane (Eudragit RL 30D), respectively. The analysis of the release mechanism showed a zero-order release for the first 8 h. However, the film coating technique is complicated and expensive (Zhang et al., 2012).

Results (Indonesian) 1:

Among them, floating drug delivery system (FDDS) could basically float in the gastric fluid and prolong GRT to obtain sufficient drug bioavailability (Baumgartner et al., 2000; Sauzet et al., 2009; Singh and Kim, 2000), because of their lower bulk density compared to that of the aqueous medium. Typically, FDDS could be divided into two types: effervescent drug delivery systems which depended on the generation of carbon dioxide gas upon contact with gastric fluids and non-effervescent drug delivery systems. According to previous report, FDDS was desirable for those drugs: (i) act locally in stomach; (ii) have a narrow absorption window in the small intestinal region; (iii) are unstable in the intestinal environment and (iv) have poor solubility in a high pH environment (Bardonnet et al., 2006; El Gamal et al., 2011; Nagarwal et al., 2010; Talukder and Fassihi, 2004). Ofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent, which has a broad antimicrobial spectrum against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, which has been approved for use in the treatment of gastrointestinal infections, respiratory tract infections and urinary tract infections (Zivanovic et al., 2006). Ofloxacin was readily soluble in stomach of acidic environment, but prone to precipitate in the intestine of neutral or slightly alkaline pH values, which affected their absorption in the lower section of the intestine. Apart from solubility, the absorption site is the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract (Chavanpatil et al., 2005).Oleh karena itu, berbagai sistem mengambang untuk ofloxacin sudah telah menyelidiki. Chavanpatil et al. (2005) telah mengembangkan ofloxacin berkelanjutan rilis tablet menggunakan kulit psyllium, HPMC K100 M, crospovidone dan natrium bikarbonat. Namun, ketika tablet yang tenggelam dalam cairan lambung simulasi, mengambang tablet rilis obat menunjukkan meledak di h. 2 pertama Zhang et al.(2012) dilaporkan multi mengambang partikulat sistem ofloxacinBerdasarkan struktur multilayer oleh lapisan dengan rilis penghambatfilm (EC), lapisan effervescent (NaHCO3) dan membran Polimerik terperangkap gas (RL Eudragit 30D), masing-masing. Analisis mekanisme rilis menunjukkan nol-order rilis untuk pertama 8 h. Namun, teknik pelapisan film rumit dan mahal (Zhang et al., 2012).

Results (Indonesian) 2:

Di antara mereka, sistem mengambang pengiriman obat (FDD) pada dasarnya bisa mengapung dalam cairan lambung dan memperpanjang GRT untuk mendapatkan bioavailabilitas obat yang cukup (Baumgartner et al, 2000;. Sauzet et al, 2009;. Singh dan Kim, 2000), karena mereka bulk density yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan media berair. Biasanya, FDDs dapat dibagi menjadi dua jenis: sistem pengiriman obat effervescent yang tergantung pada generasi gas karbon dioksida pada kontak dengan cairan lambung dan sistem pengiriman obat non-effervescent. Menurut laporan sebelumnya, FDDs adalah diinginkan untuk obat-obatan: (i) bertindak secara lokal di perut; (ii) memiliki jendela penyerapan sempit di wilayah usus kecil; (iii) tidak stabil dalam lingkungan usus dan (iv) memiliki kelarutan miskin di lingkungan pH tinggi (Bardonnet et al, 2006;. El Gamal et al, 2011;. Nagarwal et al, 2010;. Talukder dan Fassihi, 2004) .
Ofloxacin adalah agen antibakteri fluorokuinolon, yang memiliki spektrum antimikroba yang luas terhadap bakteri gram positif dan gram negatif, yang telah disetujui untuk digunakan dalam pengobatan infeksi saluran pencernaan, infeksi saluran pernafasan dan infeksi saluran kemih (Zivanovic et al. 2006). Ofloxacin adalah mudah larut dalam perut lingkungan asam, tetapi rentan terhadap endapan di usus nilai pH netral atau sedikit basa, yang mempengaruhi penyerapan mereka di bagian bawah dari usus. Terlepas dari kelarutan, situs penyerapan adalah bagian atas dari saluran pencernaan (Chavanpatil et al., 2005).
Oleh karena itu, berbagai sistem floating untuk ofloksasin telah diselidiki. Chavanpatil et al. (2005) telah mengembangkan ofloksasin rilis tablet berkelanjutan menggunakan kulit psyllium, HPMC K100 M, crospovidone dan natrium bikarbonat. Namun, ketika tablet direndam dalam cairan lambung simulasi, tablet mengambang menunjukkan meledak pelepasan obat dalam 2 jam pertama. Zhang et al. (2012) melaporkan mengambang sistem partikel multi-untuk ofloksasin
berdasarkan struktur multilayer dengan pelapisan dengan rilis perlambatan
Film (EC), lapisan effervescent (NaHCO3) dan membran polimer gas-terperangkap (Eudragit RL 30D), masing-masing. Analisis mekanisme rilis menunjukkan rilis nol-order untuk 8 jam pertama. Namun, teknik lapisan film adalah rumit dan mahal (Zhang et al., 2012).