Sample includes 7654 firm-year observations for the period 1951–1973. C translation - Sample includes 7654 firm-year observations for the period 1951–1973. C Indonesian how to say

Sample includes 7654 firm-year obser

Sample includes 7654 firm-year observations for the period 1951–1973. Cost of equity is measured by COERET, COECAPM, COEFF3 or COEEP, respectively. The
‘‘OLS’’ column reports the results based on OLS regressions. The ‘‘Fixed effects’’ column reports the results are based on OLS regressions with firm fixed effects. The ‘‘2SLS’’ column reports the 2nd stage regression results. In the 1st stage, we regress observed reporting frequency on our instrumental variable, YearIndex (the difference between the current year and 1951), and control variables in the 2nd stage regression. The predicted value from the
1st stage regression is used in the 2nd stage regression. The ‘‘Impact’’ column is the product of the partial correlation between the x-variable and the control variable and the correlation between the y-variable and the control variable (partialling out the effect of the other control variables). The
‘‘Impactraw’’ column is the product of the simple correlation between the x-variable and the control variable and the simple correlation between the y- variable and the controlling variable. COERET is the cost of equity measure based on the realized return in a year. COECAPM is the cost of equity measure based on a modified CAPM model with risk loadings estimated from the daily data in the prior year. COEFF3 is the cost of equity measure based on Fama- French three-factor model with risk loadings estimated from the daily data in the prior year. The Fama-French daily factors start from 1 July 1963, which reduces the sample size to 6083. COEEP is calculated as earnings (#20) divided by month-end price four months after fiscal-year end. The earnings are required to be positive, which reduces the sample size to 6925. Freq is the number of times firm issues financial reports annually (based on information hand-collected from Moody’s Industrial New Reports). Size is the log of average market equity value at beginning and end of prior calendar year. Beta is calculated by regressing each firm’s daily return on the market daily return in the prior year. log(BM) is the log of the book-to-market ratio calculated as the ratio of book value of equity (#216) on its market value of equity at the end of four months after fiscal-year end. log(Growth) is the log of one plus the percentage change in book value of equity (#216). Lev equals total liabilities [#181] divided by sum of total liabilities [#181] and beginning-of-year market value of equity. The table reports OLS coefficient estimates and (in parentheses) t-statistics based on robust standard errors that are clustered by firm and year. The values of COERET, COECAPM, COEFF3 and COEEP are de-trended and are multiplied by 100 for expositional purpose. ITCV, indicating the minimum impact of a confounding variable that would be needed to render the coefficient statistically insignificant, is defined as the product of the correlation between the x-variable and the confounding variable and the correlation between the y-variable and the confounding variable. nnn, nnn, and n indicate statistical significance at the 1%, 5%, and 10% levels (two-tailed), respectively.
0/5000
From: -
To: -
Results (Indonesian) 1: [Copy]
Copied!
Contoh termasuk 7654 tahun berlandaskan pengamatan untuk periode 1951 – 1973. Biaya ekuitas diukur oleh COERET, COECAPM, COEFF3 atau COEEP, masing-masing. The'' OLS'' kolom laporan hasil berdasarkan OLS regresi. Kolom '' tetap efek '' laporan hasil berdasarkan OLS regresi dengan berlandaskan fixed efek. Kolom '' 2SLS'' melaporkan hasil regresi tahap 2. Pada tahap 1, kita mundur frekuensi pelaporan yang diamati pada variabel instrumental, YearIndex (perbedaan antara tahun sekarang dan 1951), dan variabel kontrol dalam 2 tahap regresi. Nilai yang diprediksikan dari1 tahap regresi digunakan dalam 2 tahap regresi. Kolom '' dampak '' adalah produk parsial korelasi antara x-variabel dan variabel kontrol dan korelasi antara y-variabel dan variabel kontrol (partialling keluar efek variabel kontrol lainnya). TheKolom '' Impactraw'' adalah produk sederhana korelasi antara x-variabel dan variabel kontrol dan sederhana korelasi antara y-variabel dan mengendalikan variabel. COERET adalah biaya ekuitas ukuran berdasarkan menyadari kembali dalam satu tahun. COECAPM adalah biaya ekuitas ukuran berdasarkan modified CAPM model dengan risiko bongkar muat diperkirakan dari data harian di tahun sebelumnya. COEFF3 adalah biaya ekuitas ukuran berdasarkan Fama - Perancis model tiga-faktor dengan risiko bongkar muat diperkirakan dari data harian di tahun sebelumnya. Faktor harian Fama-Perancis mulai dari 1 Juli 1963, yang mengurangi ukuran sampel untuk 6083. COEEP dihitung sebagai penghasilan (#20) dibagi dengan harga akhir bulan empat bulan setelah akhir fiscal-tahun. Penghasilan yang diperlukan untuk menjadi positif, yang mengurangi ukuran sampel untuk 6925. Frek adalah jumlah kali berlandaskan masalah financial laporan tahunan (berdasarkan informasi yang dikumpulkan dari Moody's industri baru laporan). Ukuran ini adalah log dari nilai rata-rata pasar ekuitas di awal dan akhir tahun kalender sebelumnya. Beta dihitung dengan kemunduran berlandaskan setiap pengembalian harian pasar harian kembali di tahun sebelumnya. log(BM) adalah log rasio buku-to-market dihitung sebagai rasio nilai buku ekuitas (#216) nilai pasar ekuitas pada penghujung empat bulan setelah akhir fiscal-tahun. log(Growth) adalah log dari satu ditambah persentase perubahan nilai buku ekuitas (#216). Lev sama dengan jumlah kewajiban [#181] dibagi dengan jumlah total kewajiban [#181] dan awal tahun nilai pasar ekuitas. Tabel laporan OLS coefficient perkiraan dan (dalam kurung) t-Statistik berdasarkan kuat kesalahan standar yang tersusun oleh berlandaskan dan tahun. Nilai-nilai COERET, COECAPM, COEFF3 dan COEEP de cenderung terus dan dikalikan 100 untuk tujuan ekspositoris. ITCV, menunjukkan dampak minimal memusingkan variabel yang akan diperlukan untuk membuat coefficient Statistik insignificant, adalah defined sebagai produk korelasi antara x-variabel dan memusingkan variabel dan korelasi antara y-variabel dan memusingkan variabel. NNN, nnn dan n menunjukkan Statistik significance di 1%, 5%, dan tingkat 10% (dua-ekor), masing-masing.
Being translated, please wait..
 
Other languages
The translation tool support: Afrikaans, Albanian, Amharic, Arabic, Armenian, Azerbaijani, Basque, Belarusian, Bengali, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Catalan, Cebuano, Chichewa, Chinese, Chinese Traditional, Corsican, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Detect language, Dutch, English, Esperanto, Estonian, Filipino, Finnish, French, Frisian, Galician, Georgian, German, Greek, Gujarati, Haitian Creole, Hausa, Hawaiian, Hebrew, Hindi, Hmong, Hungarian, Icelandic, Igbo, Indonesian, Irish, Italian, Japanese, Javanese, Kannada, Kazakh, Khmer, Kinyarwanda, Klingon, Korean, Kurdish (Kurmanji), Kyrgyz, Lao, Latin, Latvian, Lithuanian, Luxembourgish, Macedonian, Malagasy, Malay, Malayalam, Maltese, Maori, Marathi, Mongolian, Myanmar (Burmese), Nepali, Norwegian, Odia (Oriya), Pashto, Persian, Polish, Portuguese, Punjabi, Romanian, Russian, Samoan, Scots Gaelic, Serbian, Sesotho, Shona, Sindhi, Sinhala, Slovak, Slovenian, Somali, Spanish, Sundanese, Swahili, Swedish, Tajik, Tamil, Tatar, Telugu, Thai, Turkish, Turkmen, Ukrainian, Urdu, Uyghur, Uzbek, Vietnamese, Welsh, Xhosa, Yiddish, Yoruba, Zulu, Language translation.

Copyright ©2025 I Love Translation. All reserved.

E-mail: