Antonio Gramsci (Neo-Marxian)
• Gramsci is a key person for the transition from economic determinism to more modern
Marxian positions.
• He was critical of Marxists who are deterministic, fatalistic and mechanistic.
• He did not believe that structural factors led the revolution.
• Like Lukács, Gramsci also focused on collective ideas (people’s ideas) rather than on social
structures such as economy.
• Gramsci said that, with elite’s help, working class become self-conscious of their position,
and that they would take actions of social revolution.