Efforts to identify conditional effects could hold important implications for practice as well as policy. If study abroad is particularly beneficial for certain types of students, institutions might craft targeted programs to ensure that those students participate in study abroad and maximize the benefits of the experience. Moreover, by examining the effects of differences in college experiences on the development of intercultural competence of study abroad participants, institutions may be able to construct new initiatives, or improve upon existing ones, to ensure that study abroad students are fully primed to successfully benefit from an international educational opportunity.