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ACtIVIty PhySICAL IMPACt tIME FRAME MItIGAtIONPhASE: MININGDeep underground Land subsidence Potentially long term Infill with mine waste stabilised with cement; revegetation Disposal of mine water During mining Discharge into streams if good quality Use in processingTreat poor quality water before discharge Acid mine drainage Long term, potentially permanent Neutralization with lime; use of manmade wet- lands (densely planted reed beds to neutralize acidity and precipitate metals) if small volumes are involved* Seismic disturbances During mining and post-mine Waste rockand overburden disposal Visual impact Long term to permanent Landscaping and re-vegetation Land alienation Long term to permanent Use of waste as backfill in underground mines Airborne dust During mining Spraying with water Acid drainage Long term to permanent Landscaping and re-vegetation Erosion leading to increased sediment loads During mining and post-mine Landscaping and re-vegetation Burning discard dumps (coal) During mining and post-mine Compaction, covering and re-vegetation to prevent air ingressPhASE: ORE PROCESSING/PLANt OPERAtIONRoaster plants and smelters Suphur Dioxide, Nitrogen Dioxide,and other green house gases emissions can lead to air pollution Emissions occur during life of mine Installation of filters on stacks. Conversion of recovered sulphur dioxide to sulphuric acid Fallout/spills can cause soil and water contamination Potentially long term Depends on mitigation of emissions Disposal of smelter wastes (slag) Dumps may cause visual impact Post mine-life, potentially permanent Reclamation of dumpsOther plants (tailings, the process wastes are dealt with separately) Process water discharge can lead to soil contamination and water pollution.Use of hydrological resources During the life of the mine Recover effluent for recyclingTreat process water (e.g. cyanide destruction) before it is released into tailings damsMaximize use of recycled process water Hazardous chemicals handling and disposal During the life of the mine Chemicals handling, storage and disposal procedures
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