What are the Costs of Tax Avoidance?It is not straightforward to qua translation -   What are the Costs of Tax Avoidance?It is not straightforward to qua Chinese how to say

  What are the Costs of Tax Avoidan

  What are the Costs of Tax Avoidance?
It is not straightforward to quantify the cost of tax avoidance. These tax strategies operate within the
legal framework. Clearly, tax loopholes and the existence of tax havens cause an erosion of the tax
base in the non‐haven countries. However, for example, Dharmapala (2008) stresses that tax
planning can increase the efficiency of firms and alleviate the intensity of tax competition. It has
been argued that institutions that allow a differentiated tax policy towards internationally mobile
and immobile tax bases can increase welfare even for high‐tax countries (Hong and Smart, 2010;
Keen, 2001). 
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避税成本是什么?它是不容易量化的成本避税。这些税收策略操作内法律框架。显然,税收漏洞和避税港的存在导致税收流失在 non‐haven 国家的基础。但是,例如,金洲 (2008 年) 强调该税规划可以提高公司的效率和减轻税收竞争的强度。它有一直认为,允许对不同的税收政策的机构国际流动和不动的税基可以增加福利甚至为 high‐tax 国家 (Hong 和智能,2010 年;敏锐,2001 年)。
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  什么是避税的成本?
这不是简单的量化避税成本。这些税务策略的范围内运作
的法律框架。显然,税收漏洞和避税天堂的存在造成税收的流失
基地在非避风港的国家。然而,例如,护法(2008)强调,税务
规 ​​划可以提高企业的效率和减轻税收竞争的强度。它已
被认为机构允许对国际流动性差异化的税收政策
和不动的税基会增加,即使对高税收的国家福利(香港和Smart,2010;
基恩,2001年)。 
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  避税的成本是什么?这是不是简单的量化避税的成本。这些税收策略在法律框架内运作。显然,税收漏洞和避税天堂的存在导致在非‐没有国家的税收
碱侵蚀。然而,例如,护法(2008)强调税收
规划可以提高企业的效率,缓解税收竞争的强度。它有
被认为机构允许差异化的税收政策对国际移动
和静止的税基增加甚至高‐税收国家的福利(香港和聪明,2010;
敏锐,2001)。 
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