increased EC formation, in which the wine stored at 37 C increased
about 6 times from 74 to 509.4 lg/kg after 400 days storage,
while wine at room temperature and 4 C increased to 131.8
and 84.2 lg/kg, respectively. EC increased during storage and in
the sales process, there was significant difference between the
fried wine compared to the wine that was on sale in 2011
(p < 0.01). Urea was an important precursor in EC formation and
was present in the starter material, and in the product metabolized
by microorganisms. Urea increased during fermentation and was
over 20 mg/kg, which was one of the critical factors that influenced
EC formation during wine frying and storage conditions. It may be
necessary for the corporations to optimize the critical factors influencing
EC formation such as the frying conditions for temperature
and time, as well as the cooling method conditions and storage
temperature. Some other methods such as the utilization of strains
with low urea product or the addition of acidic urease to degrade
urea in the yellow rice wine may decrease EC formation.