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We chose to focus on anxiety, rather than depression, and disruptive behaviors, rather than Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), as representative of interventions with internalizing and externalizing problems, respectively, for two reasons. First, we located approximately six times the number of treatment studies for childhood anxiety than for childhood depression that met our criteria for inclusion. More definitive conclusions, in turn, can be reached when there are more studies to evaluate. Second, ADHD is an externalizing problem that also can be impacted by parent training (see Pelham & Fabiano, 2008); however, unlike ODD and CD, ADHD is considered a “chronic disorder” (Pelham & Fabiano, 2008, p. 2009) that, from our perspective and that of others (Pelham & Fabiano, 2008), is most often treated primarily with medication (stimulants) (e.g., Gureasko-Moore, DuPaul, & Power, 2005; Pelham, 2012). Furthermore, by separating disruptive behaviors and ADHD, we are being consistent with DSM-IV-TR (American Psychiatric Association, 2000) nosology (i.e., Attention-Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders) and the 2008 special issue of the Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology on Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents edited by Silverman and Hinshaw.
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