Medicine describes the pathology of diseases and promotes prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
Public health emphasizes the health of populations.
Epidemiology helps identify risk factors and causes of health problems.
Demography provides data for policy decisions.
Economics emphasizes the cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit approaches for the optimal allocation of health resources.
Other social sciences such as sociology, development studies, anthropology, cultural studies, and law can help understand the determinants of health in societies.
Both individuals and organizations working in the domain of global health often face many questions regarding ethical and human rights. Critical examination of the various causes and justifications of health inequities is necessary for the success of proposed solutions.