Studies were excluded if they did not include all four
areas of teaching content recommended by Mueser and
McGurk (2004). Studies were also excluded if the intervention provided only basic information about schizophrenia and its treatment, or focused solely on improving
adherence to psychopharmacotherapy (e.g. Mederet al.
1998), or did not provide all information needed for estimating effect size (e.g. Anzaiet al. 2002), that is, the
number of subjects in each comparison group and the
mean and standard deviation of each outcome assessed.