Artifacts, the first layer, are easy to detect (e.g., a dress code), bu translation - Artifacts, the first layer, are easy to detect (e.g., a dress code), bu Indonesian how to say

Artifacts, the first layer, are easy

Artifacts, the first layer, are easy to detect (e.g., a dress code), but they may
be difficult to understand. They represent “the tip of the iceberg,” and it
remains a challenge to discern or decipher what lies underneath them (i.e.,
what is the reason for this type of dress code or other visible structures and
processes?). Basic assumptions in organizational culture are usually represented
by general and abstract statements that express certain ideas and truths about
human beings. They are the expression of a philosophy, of a general concept
concerning individuals and society. Given the diversity of such concepts and
their contradictory characteristics, these assumptions often have an eclectic,
heterogeneous, fragmentary, and unilateral aspect.
The values shared by the members of an organization represent the second
layer in culture analysis. From an organizational perspective, values express
essential meanings of basic assumptions. Therefore, values define a set of its
members’ organizational expectations. Values are expressed and often imposed
by the managerial elite and become, in some ways, a reference system for
activity assessment. They are included in attitudes and behaviors, in the orga-
nizational habitat. The two levels, assumptions and values, represent the
content of what we call an organization expressive area or expressive culture.
Its origins can be found in both the organization and personal history of its
members.
Norms form the instrumental and visible area of organizational culture.
They represent the most evident layer for someone who comes in contact with
the organization for the first time. They derive from cultural values and basic
assumptions. Norms are expressed in a set of rules and expectations and serve
to orient people’s behavior within the organization. This is why, even for the
organization personnel, norms constitute their contact with culture and are the
conveyor of values and basic assumptions. The two basic categories of norms
are formal, institutional norms, produced by managers or experts, hired for
this purpose alone, and made mandatory, and informal norms, produced by
the personnel or by certain groups and disseminated through legends, stories,
and myths, or reflected in ceremonies or rituals. They are the expression of
informal culture, based on certain values spread in an informal space. An
expressive culture is one that reflects the emotions, feelings, and aspirations of
the organization’s personnel. An illustration follows.



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Artifacts, the first layer, are easy to detect (e.g., a dress code), but they maybe difficult to understand. They represent “the tip of the iceberg,” and itremains a challenge to discern or decipher what lies underneath them (i.e.,what is the reason for this type of dress code or other visible structures andprocesses?). Basic assumptions in organizational culture are usually representedby general and abstract statements that express certain ideas and truths abouthuman beings. They are the expression of a philosophy, of a general conceptconcerning individuals and society. Given the diversity of such concepts andtheir contradictory characteristics, these assumptions often have an eclectic,heterogeneous, fragmentary, and unilateral aspect.The values shared by the members of an organization represent the secondlayer in culture analysis. From an organizational perspective, values expressessential meanings of basic assumptions. Therefore, values define a set of itsmembers’ organizational expectations. Values are expressed and often imposedby the managerial elite and become, in some ways, a reference system foractivity assessment. They are included in attitudes and behaviors, in the orga-nizational habitat. The two levels, assumptions and values, represent thecontent of what we call an organization expressive area or expressive culture.Its origins can be found in both the organization and personal history of itsmembers.Norms form the instrumental and visible area of organizational culture.They represent the most evident layer for someone who comes in contact withthe organization for the first time. They derive from cultural values and basicassumptions. Norms are expressed in a set of rules and expectations and serveto orient people’s behavior within the organization. This is why, even for theorganization personnel, norms constitute their contact with culture and are theconveyor of values and basic assumptions. The two basic categories of normsare formal, institutional norms, produced by managers or experts, hired forthis purpose alone, and made mandatory, and informal norms, produced bythe personnel or by certain groups and disseminated through legends, stories,and myths, or reflected in ceremonies or rituals. They are the expression ofinformal culture, based on certain values spread in an informal space. Anexpressive culture is one that reflects the emotions, feelings, and aspirations ofthe organization’s personnel. An illustration follows.
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Artefak, lapisan pertama, mudah untuk mendeteksi (misalnya, kode berpakaian), tetapi mereka mungkin
akan sulit untuk memahami. Mereka mewakili "ujung gunung es," dan itu
tetap menjadi tantangan untuk membedakan atau menguraikan apa yang ada di bawah mereka (yaitu,
apa alasan untuk jenis dress code atau struktur yang terlihat lain dan
proses?). Asumsi dasar dalam budaya organisasi biasanya diwakili
oleh pernyataan umum dan abstrak yang mengekspresikan ide dan kebenaran tertentu tentang
manusia. Mereka adalah ekspresi dari filsafat, dari konsep umum
tentang individu dan masyarakat. Mengingat keragaman konsep tersebut dan
karakteristik bertentangan mereka, asumsi ini sering memiliki eklektik,
aspek heterogen, fragmentaris, dan unilateral.
Nilai-nilai bersama oleh anggota organisasi mewakili kedua
lapisan dalam analisis budaya. Dari perspektif organisasi, nilai-nilai mengungkapkan
makna penting dari asumsi dasar. Oleh karena itu, nilai-nilai mendefinisikan satu set nya
harapan organisasi anggota. Nilai dinyatakan dan sering dikenakan
oleh elit manajerial dan menjadi, dalam beberapa hal, sistem rujukan untuk
penilaian aktivitas. Mereka termasuk dalam sikap dan perilaku, di-organisasi
habitat organisasional. Dua tingkat, asumsi dan nilai-nilai, mewakili
isi dari apa yang kita sebut daerah ekspresif organisasi atau budaya ekspresif.
Asal-usulnya dapat ditemukan di kedua organisasi dan sejarah pribadi yang
anggotanya.
Norma membentuk daerah instrumental dan terlihat budaya organisasi.
Mereka mewakili lapisan paling jelas bagi seseorang yang datang dalam kontak dengan
organisasi untuk pertama kalinya. Mereka berasal dari nilai-nilai budaya dan dasar
asumsi. Norma disajikan dalam seperangkat aturan dan harapan dan melayani
dengan perilaku orang orientasi di dalam organisasi. Inilah sebabnya, bahkan untuk
personil organisasi, norma merupakan kontak mereka dengan budaya dan merupakan
conveyor nilai-nilai dan asumsi-asumsi dasar. Dua kategori dasar norma
yang, norma kelembagaan formal, yang diproduksi oleh manajer atau ahli, disewa untuk
tujuan ini saja, dan dibuat wajib, dan norma-norma informal, yang diproduksi oleh
personil atau oleh kelompok tertentu dan disebarkan melalui legenda, cerita,
dan mitos, atau kembali tercermin dalam upacara atau ritual. Mereka adalah ekspresi
budaya formal, didasarkan pada nilai-nilai tertentu yang tersebar di ruang informal. Sebuah
budaya ekspresif adalah salah satu yang kembali Ects fl emosi, perasaan, dan aspirasi
personil organisasi. Ilustrasi berikut.



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